The Systems Development Environment

Question 1

Information Systems Analysis and Design

Answer 1

is a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems.

Question 2

Application software

Answer 2

Computer software designed to support

organizational functions or processes.

Question 3

Methodologies

Answer 3

are comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development
that will guide your work and influence the quality of your final product

Question 4

Techniques

Answer 4

are particular processes that you, as an analyst, will follow to help
ensure that your work is well thought out, complete, and comprehensible to others
on your project team.

Question 5

Tools

Answer 5

are typically computer programs that make it easy to use and benefit
from techniques and to faithfully follow the guidelines of the overall development
methodology.

Question 6

Systems analyst

Answer 6

The organizational role most responsible
for the analysis and design of information
systems.

Question 7

Systems development methodology

Answer 7

A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.

Question 8

SDLC

Answer 8

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems.

Question 9

Planning

Answer 9

The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization’s total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized,
and arranged.

Question 10

Analysis

Answer 10

The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured.

Question 11

Design

Answer 11

The third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical
system specifications.

Question 12

Logical design

Answer 12

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are
described independently of any compute platform.

Question 13

Physical design

Answer 13

The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed
into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished.

Question 14

Implementation

Answer 14

The fourth phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization.

Question 15

Maintenance

Answer 15

The final phase of the SDLC, in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.

Question 16

The Traditional Waterfall SDLC problems

Answer 16

1-feedback came to be ignored in implementation
2-Once the milestone had been reached and the new phase
initiated, it became difficult to go back
3-locking users into requirements that had been previously determined, even though those requirements might have changed.
4-role of system users or customers was narrowly defined.
5-under the traditional waterfall approach, nebulous and intangible
processes such as analysis and design are given hard-and-fast dates for completion

Question 17

CASE tools

Answer 17

computer-aided software engineering

Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process.

Question 18

AGILE Methodologies Key principles

Answer 18

(1) a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies,
(2) a focus on people rather than roles
(3) a focus on self-adaptive processes.

Question 19

RAD

Answer 19

Rapid Application Development
Decreases design and implementation time
Involves: extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools, code generators
More focus on user interface and system function, less on detailed business analysis and system performance

Question 20

extreme programming

Answer 20

extreme Programming is an approach to software development. Key emphases of extreme Programming :
are its use of two-person programming teams, described later, and having a customer
on-site during the development process

Question 21

advantages of pair programming

Answer 21

(1) more (and better) communication among developers,
(2) higher levels of productivity,
(3) higher-quality code
(4) reinforcement of the other practices in extreme Programming, such as the code and- test discipline

Question 22

object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)

Answer 22

Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes.

Question 23

Object

Answer 23

A structure that encapsulates (or packages) attributes and methods that operate on those attributes. An object is an abstraction of a real-world thing in which data and processes are placed together to model the structure and behavior of the real-world object.

Question 24

Object class

Answer 24

a logical grouping of objects sharing the same attributes and behaviors

Question 25

Inheritance

Answer 25

: hierarchical arrangement of classes enable subclasses to inherit properties of super classes

Question 26

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Answer 26

An object-oriented systems development
methodology. RUP establishes four phases
of development: inception, elaboration,
construction, and transition. Each phase
is organized into a number of separate
iterations.

Question 27

inception phase

Answer 27

analysts define the scope, determine the feasibility of
the project, understand user requirements, and prepare a software development
plan.

Question 28

elaboration phase

Answer 28

analysts detail user requirements and develop a base

line architecture

Question 29

construction phase

Answer 29

software is actually coded, tested, and documented

Question 30

transition phase

Answer 30

the system is deployed, and the users are trained and supported.