The Systems Development Environment Flashcards
Information Systems Analysis and Design
is a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems.
Application software
Computer software designed to support
organizational functions or processes.
Methodologies
are comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development
that will guide your work and influence the quality of your final product
Techniques
are particular processes that you, as an analyst, will follow to help
ensure that your work is well thought out, complete, and comprehensible to others
on your project team.
Tools
are typically computer programs that make it easy to use and benefit
from techniques and to faithfully follow the guidelines of the overall development
methodology.
Systems analyst
The organizational role most responsible
for the analysis and design of information
systems.
Systems development methodology
A standard process followed in an organization to conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.
SDLC
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems.
Planning
The first phase of the SDLC in which an organization’s total information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized,
and arranged.
Analysis
The second phase of the SDLC in which system requirements are studied and structured.
Design
The third phase of the SDLC in which the description of the recommended solution is converted into logical and then physical
system specifications.
Logical design
The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are
described independently of any compute platform.
Physical design
The part of the design phase of the SDLC in which the logical specifications of the system from logical design are transformed
into technology-specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished.
Implementation
The fourth phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization.
Maintenance
The final phase of the SDLC, in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved.
The Traditional Waterfall SDLC problems
1-feedback came to be ignored in implementation
2-Once the milestone had been reached and the new phase
initiated, it became difficult to go back
3-locking users into requirements that had been previously determined, even though those requirements might have changed.
4-role of system users or customers was narrowly defined.
5-under the traditional waterfall approach, nebulous and intangible
processes such as analysis and design are given hard-and-fast dates for completion
CASE tools
computer-aided software engineering
Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process.
AGILE Methodologies Key principles
(1) a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies,
(2) a focus on people rather than roles
(3) a focus on self-adaptive processes.
RAD
Rapid Application Development
Decreases design and implementation time
Involves: extensive user involvement, prototyping, integrated CASE tools, code generators
More focus on user interface and system function, less on detailed business analysis and system performance
extreme programming
extreme Programming is an approach to software development. Key emphases of extreme Programming :
are its use of two-person programming teams, described later, and having a customer
on-site during the development process
advantages of pair programming
(1) more (and better) communication among developers,
(2) higher levels of productivity,
(3) higher-quality code
(4) reinforcement of the other practices in extreme Programming, such as the code and- test discipline
object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)
Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes.
Object
A structure that encapsulates (or packages) attributes and methods that operate on those attributes. An object is an abstraction of a real-world thing in which data and processes are placed together to model the structure and behavior of the real-world object.
Object class
a logical grouping of objects sharing the same attributes and behaviors
Inheritance
: hierarchical arrangement of classes enable subclasses to inherit properties of super classes
Rational Unified Process (RUP)
An object-oriented systems development methodology. RUP establishes four phases of development: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. Each phase is organized into a number of separate iterations.
inception phase
analysts define the scope, determine the feasibility of
the project, understand user requirements, and prepare a software development
plan.
elaboration phase
analysts detail user requirements and develop a base
line architecture
construction phase
software is actually coded, tested, and documented
transition phase
the system is deployed, and the users are trained and supported.
