The Synthesis and transport of Proteins 1.2 Flashcards
What are intracellular membranes
Membranes within the cell
Why do eukaryotes have a variety of intracellular membranes
Increased the total area of membrane which increases the availability for vital metabolic processes
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure in an animal cell which forms a network of membrane tubules continuous with the nuclear membrane. Lipids and proteins are synthesised in the cell.
What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum which has ribosomes on it cytosolic face (side facing into the cell away from the nucleus)
What is the cytosol
The liquid component of the cytoplasm
What is the Golgi Apparatus
A series of flattened membrane discs where proteins undergo post-translational modifications
What are lysosomes
Membrane bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolases. Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and carbohydrates are digested
What are hydrolases
Enzymes that catalyse the cleavage of a covalent bond with water
What are vesicles
Transport materials between membrane compartments
What is synthesised in the Endoplasmic reticulum
Lipids (SER) and proteins (RER)
Why do eukaryotes contain intracellular membranes
To increase area of membrane
What are the 2 types of proteins
Integral ( all the way through the membrane) and Peripheral (only through one layer of the phospholipids)
What are cytosolic proteins
Proteins that remain in the cytosolic and complete its translation there
What is the secretory pathway
Translated on the RER and enter its lumen. Proteins move through the Golgi apparatus and are packaged into secretory vesicles. These move to and fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing proteins out of the cell.
What is post translational modification
The addition or modification of chemical groups of a protein to perform a certain function
