Protein structure, binding and conformational changes 1.2

Question 1

What are the 4 animo acid R groups

Answer 1

Basic (positively charged) , acidic (negatively charged), polar and hydrophobic

Question 2

What gives amino acids their specific shape and properties

Answer 2

The R group

Question 3

What is a basic amino acid R group

Answer 3

Generally have NH2 which allows them to accept a proton (H+) and become positively charged and strongly hydrophilic as a consequence

Question 4

What is an acidic amino acid R group

Answer 4

They have a carboxylic acid group which’s allows them to donate a proton, this causes them to become negatively charged and strongly hydrophilic

Question 5

What are polar amino acid R groups

Answer 5

Hydrophilic as they form weak hydrogen bonds with water molecules. They have a slightly positive and slightly negative side and all have NITROGEN or OXYGEN or SULFUR on their R side chain

Question 6

What are hydrophobic amino acid R groups

Answer 6

Typical non polar R groups are: hydrocarbons
They do not become charged and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 7

What is the primary protein structure

Answer 7

The order in which the amino acids are synthesised during translation into the polypeptide

Question 8

What bond joins amino acids together

Answer 8

Peptide bond

Question 9

What reaction forms the peptide bond

Answer 9

Condensation reaction- between OH of COOH and H of NH2

Question 10

What is the secondary protein structure

Answer 10

Hydrogen bonding along the backbone of the protein strand

Question 11

What are the secondary protein structure regions called

Answer 11

A-helices, parallel/anti-parallel B pleated sheets, turns

Question 12

When does the alpha helix occur

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds form between every fourth peptide bond