The subconscious and unconscious Flashcards
Topographical model
- Freud
- preconscious
- unconscious
- ego
- super-ego
- id
preconscious
what you can easily become aware of
unconscious
- manifestation, but no awareness
- psychoanalysis can work the problems out safely and productively
Cognitive subconscious
- emphasizes goals
- not defensive
- logical and rational
- easily can become consciousness
John Bargh, Chen, Burrows (1996) interruption
- scrambled sentence task
- polite
- rude
- neutral
- see if the participants would interrupt based on condition
- polite 20%, neutral 40%, rude 65%
- influenced by prime
Van Baaren (2003) independent, interdependent
- unscramble sentences
- independent, interdependent, or control
- see if they would copy experimenter and play with pen
- interdependent more likely to play with pen
Fruedian preconscious and unconscious
- emotions, motives, wishes
- defensive
- illogical, irrational impulses
- conscious only under special conditions (psychoanalysis)
How do you tap into the unconscious
- observe:
- cultural symbols (hoover tower)
- freudian slips (political) - responses to open-ended stimuli
Free association
- associate words to fill in pair
- Wisconsin University Sentence completion test
Projective tests
- Rorschach
- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Limitations of projective tests
- complicated coding system
- long time to administer
- moderate reliability/validity (At best)
- predict as much as self-report
Rorschach test
- inkblot
- look at deviations from the norm
TAT
- responses to open ended pictures
- implicit motives- goals
- about as good as questionnaire that measured achievement and motives in predicting achievement outcomes
Measuring neural activity during dreams (REM)
-Schwartz and Maquet 2002
- greater amygdala activity l
- lesser activation of prefrontal cortex (control)
Is repressive coping bad for you?
no
Affective Autonomic Response Discrepancy (AARD)
-measure bereavement
-baseline rest
-interview about current coping/future outlook
-physio measures
-AARD = how you say your feel versus how your body is reacting
High AARD = you say you are worse than your body suggess (less repressive)
Low AARD = repressive
Coifman, bonnano, Ray, Gross (2007) AARD and repressive coping
- psychiatric sysmptoms, respiratory illness, maladjustment all correlated to AARD
- less repressive coping = worse mental/physical health
- more repressive copint = better mental/physical health
why might moderate coping be helpful?
-cultural focus on positive emotions (=> more support?)
sublimation during anger
- unacceptable aggressive urges transformed into socially acceptable pursuits (e.g. surgeon)
- protestant work ethic: anxiety about one’s depravity can be fuel for accomplishment
Kim, Zeppenfeld, Cohen (2013)
-Protestant work ethic
- recall anger or neutral incident
- suppress or don’t suppress
- make art work
- protestant- anger and suppression led to higher quality and more angry art
IAT
- how quickly you respond is an index of the strength of your belief
- faster reaction = stronger association = stronger belief
Olsen, Fazio, Hermann (2006)
-compared IAT to Rosenberg Self Esteem and thermometer (how warmly you feel about yourself)
- Rosenberg and Thermometer closely correlated
- IAT didn’t really correlate with either
- When told to be honest on the Rosenberg and Thermometer, slight association with IAT
Matthew Nock, 2010
- Suicide IAT
- measured IAT and suicidality (clinician and participant expectation)
- depressive disorder, prior suicide attempts, and IAT and predict suicidality
- patient prediction and IAT can predict suicide attempts at a six month follow up
Strengths of unconscious measures
- rich (descriptive)
- provide additional information
- not susceptible to self-report bias (in theory)
