The subconscious and unconscious

Question 1

Topographical model

Answer 1

• Freud
• preconscious
• unconscious
• ego
• super-ego
• id

Question 2

preconscious

Answer 2

what you can easily become aware of

Question 3

unconscious

Answer 3

• manifestation, but no awareness

- psychoanalysis can work the problems out safely and productively

Question 4

Cognitive subconscious

Answer 4

• emphasizes goals
• not defensive
• logical and rational
• easily can become consciousness

Question 5

John Bargh, Chen, Burrows (1996) interruption

Answer 5

• scrambled sentence task
• polite
• rude
• neutral
• see if the participants would interrupt based on condition
• polite 20%, neutral 40%, rude 65%
• influenced by prime

Question 6

Van Baaren (2003) independent, interdependent

Answer 6

• unscramble sentences
• independent, interdependent, or control
• see if they would copy experimenter and play with pen
• interdependent more likely to play with pen

Question 7

Fruedian preconscious and unconscious

Answer 7

• emotions, motives, wishes
• defensive
• illogical, irrational impulses
• conscious only under special conditions (psychoanalysis)

Question 8

How do you tap into the unconscious

Answer 8

• observe:
  - cultural symbols (hoover tower)
  - freudian slips (political)
• responses to open-ended stimuli

Question 9

Free association

Answer 9

• associate words to fill in pair

- Wisconsin University Sentence completion test

Question 10

Projective tests

Answer 10

• Rorschach

- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 11

Limitations of projective tests

Answer 11

• complicated coding system
• long time to administer
• moderate reliability/validity (At best)
• predict as much as self-report

Question 12

Rorschach test

Answer 12

• inkblot

- look at deviations from the norm

Question 13

TAT

Answer 13

• responses to open ended pictures
• implicit motives- goals
• about as good as questionnaire that measured achievement and motives in predicting achievement outcomes

Question 14

Measuring neural activity during dreams (REM)

-Schwartz and Maquet 2002

Answer 14

• greater amygdala activity l

- lesser activation of prefrontal cortex (control)

Question 15

Is repressive coping bad for you?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Affective Autonomic Response Discrepancy (AARD)

Answer 16

-measure bereavement
-baseline rest
-interview about current coping/future outlook
-physio measures
-AARD = how you say your feel versus how your body is reacting
High AARD = you say you are worse than your body suggess (less repressive)
Low AARD = repressive

Question 17

Coifman, bonnano, Ray, Gross (2007) AARD and repressive coping

Answer 17

• psychiatric sysmptoms, respiratory illness, maladjustment all correlated to AARD
• less repressive coping = worse mental/physical health
• more repressive copint = better mental/physical health

Question 18

why might moderate coping be helpful?

Answer 18

-cultural focus on positive emotions (=> more support?)

Question 19

sublimation during anger

Answer 19

• unacceptable aggressive urges transformed into socially acceptable pursuits (e.g. surgeon)
• protestant work ethic: anxiety about one’s depravity can be fuel for accomplishment

Question 20

Kim, Zeppenfeld, Cohen (2013)

-Protestant work ethic

Answer 20

• recall anger or neutral incident
• suppress or don’t suppress
• make art work
• protestant- anger and suppression led to higher quality and more angry art

Question 21

IAT

Answer 21

• how quickly you respond is an index of the strength of your belief
• faster reaction = stronger association = stronger belief

Question 22

Olsen, Fazio, Hermann (2006)

-compared IAT to Rosenberg Self Esteem and thermometer (how warmly you feel about yourself)

Answer 22

• Rosenberg and Thermometer closely correlated
• IAT didn’t really correlate with either
• When told to be honest on the Rosenberg and Thermometer, slight association with IAT

Question 23

Matthew Nock, 2010

• Suicide IAT
• measured IAT and suicidality (clinician and participant expectation)

Answer 23

• depressive disorder, prior suicide attempts, and IAT and predict suicidality
• patient prediction and IAT can predict suicide attempts at a six month follow up

Question 24

Strengths of unconscious measures

Answer 24

• rich (descriptive)
• provide additional information
• not susceptible to self-report bias (in theory)

Question 25

Limitations of unconscious measures

Answer 25

• poor reliability and validity
• time and labor intensive
• unclear of whether they really measure unconscious
• difficult to interpret