The Structure Of The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the bones?
Support: - soft tissue and attached of skeletal muscle
Protection: - of internal organs
Movement: - assists, along with skeletal muscles
Mineral homeostasis: - stores and releases minerals (Ca)
Blood cell production: - from red bone marrow
Triglycerides storage: - as yellow bone marrow
How do bone cells generate?
Osteogenic cells develop into an osteoblast
Osteoblasts from the bone matrix
Osteocytes maintain bone tissues
Osteoclasts functions in resorption, and breakdown of bone matrix
How does bone resorption occur?
Attached to bone surface
Releases acid to dissolve inorganic matrix (Ca and PO4, transporter to blood)
Release enzymes to break up organic matrix
What is the general structure of a bone?
Proximal and distal epiphysis (end)
Metaphysis (pre-end)
Diaphysis (mid)
Covering the epiphysis is the articular cartilage
In the epiphysis: contains the epiphysis line, red bone marrow and spongy bone
In the diaphysis: endosteum, compact bone, periosteum, medullary cavity and nutrient artery
What is the structure of compact bone?
Haversian system: - broken down and replaced during remodelling
- many osteocytes form an osteon
How does deposition and resorption work?
Bone deposition by osteoblasts
Bone resorption by osteoclasts
How do bones grow?
At the growth plate: new cartilage formed continuously at epiphyseal plate
What forms the ECM of bone?
The osteoblasts from the ECM
Where and what is the function of osteoblasts?
It is the immature stage, which have the ability to secrete bone matrix
They are found in the connective tissue outside of the bone (the periosteum) cellular layer lining the bone cavity (endosteum).
Secondary actions of the osteoclasts?
Services from monophages and have phagocytise properties
What are the main functions of the osteoclasts?
General turnover of the bone Remodelling of bone during growth Fracture repair Resp of bone to changing mech stress Increasing Ca in the blood
What is bone ECM?
Organic (osteoblasts) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) components
Osteoid consisting of collagen fibre and ground substances
Hydroxyapatite crystals give rigidity to the matrix
What are the types of bone structure?
Lamellar (layered) and woven (irregular)
Lamellar: - Compact and spongy
Spongy in epiphysis not in diaphysis
