The structure and main function of epidermis, vascular endothelium, enterocytes and hepatocytes

Question 1

How may layers does the EPIDERMIS have?

Answer 1

Multiple

STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM

Question 2

What is the term used to describe the cornification of the top layers of the EPITHELIUM?

Answer 2

Keratinisation

Question 3

What is the top layer of the EPIDERMIS known as?

Answer 3

STRATUM CORNEUM

Question 4

In the epidermis what is the basement bordered with ?

Answer 4

DERMIS

Question 5

What is the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM?

Answer 5

Epithelium that lines the insides of vessels in vascular and lymphatic lining epithelium

Question 6

What comprises the TUNIA INTIMA of the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM?

Answer 6

1. Simple squamous epithelial cells and the basement membrane plus smooth muscle form the TUNICA INTIMA
2. ENDOTHELIAL cells are in direct contact with the blood

Question 7

How do nutrients etc. pass through the ENDOTHELIUM?

Answer 7

PERMEABILITY between the squamous endothelial cells can be regulated.

Question 8

Re: ENDOTHELIAL CELLS what is a FENESTRATION?

Answer 8

A pore to allow the passage of nutrients and for the vessel to be permeable

Question 9

Re: ENDOTHELIAL CELLS what does SINUSOIDAL mean?

Answer 9

Large gaps to allow the passage of nutrients

Question 10

What is TRANSCYTOSIS?

Answer 10

The process of ENDO- and EXO-CYSTOSING products through the ENDOTHELIAL CELL

Question 11

What is an ENTEROCYTE?

Answer 11

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM that lines the ILEUM and COLON

Question 12

Where can both VILLI and CRYPTS (formed by ENTEROCYTES) be found?

Answer 12

Both ILEUM and COLON

Question 13

Where can VILLI (formed by ENTEROCYTES) be found?

Answer 13

ILEUM only

Question 14

Are the VILLI absorptive OR secretory?

Answer 14

ABSORPTIVE

Question 15

Are the CRYPTS absorptive or secretory?

Answer 15

SECRETORY

Question 16

What kind of cells are ENTEROCYTES?

Answer 16

EPITHELIAL

Question 17

How are ENTEROCYTES joined?

Answer 17

By SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE TIGHT JUNCTIONS

Question 18

The ENTEROCYTES have ___________

that form the brush border

Answer 18

SHORT CILIA

Question 19

Immature enterocytes start in the __________ and mature as they move up the _________, becoming more _________. Until they slough off into the _________.

Answer 19

• CRYPT
• VILLI
• MATURE
• LUMEN

Question 20

Enterocytes absorb

Answer 20

Water and electrolyes
Carbs
Proteins
Fat

Question 21

What percentage of the liver is HEPATOCYTES?

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

What is the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN?

Answer 22

A vessel that delivers blood to the liver from the GI tract

Question 23

Name the feature of hepatocytes that increased absorption?

Answer 23

MICROVILLI

Question 24

What are SINUSOIDS?

Answer 24

Blood vessels within LIVER LOBULES

Question 25

What are LIVER LOBULES?

Answer 25

Groups of hepatocytes formed into hexagonal shapes

Question 26

What type of blood do SINUSOIDS receive?

Answer 26

Both venous and arterial.

Venous to bring nutrients for storage and metabolism and also arterial to fuel the hepatocytes.