The Structure and Functions of the Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the Skeleton and Examples

Answer 1

Support e.g. the femur supports the structure of the legs

Posture e.g. vertebrae gives the upper body its posture

Protection - to keep internal organs from damage e.g. ribs protect the heart and lungs

Blood cells production e.g. large bones such as the femur contain marrow which produces red blood cells

Movement - they give connection points to muscles e.g. Bicep connects to upper Humerus to create movement

Storage of Minerals - Bones release minerals into the blood as needed e.g. calcium phosphorus

Question 2

Types and examples of Synovial Joints

Answer 2

Hinge
Knee - articulating bones are femur and tibia
Elbow - articulating bones are humerus, ulna and radius

Ball and socket
Hip - articulating bones are femur and pelvis
Shoulder - articulating bones are humerus and scapula

Question 3

Structure of Skeletal System

Answer 3

Question 4

Synovial Joint Definition

Answer 4

Freely movable joints where two or more bones articulate and have a joint capsule enclosing it

Question 5

Types of movement

Answer 5

Flexion - (bending) reducing the angle of the joint e.g. upward phase of bicep curl
Extension - (straightening) increasing the angle of the joint e.g. downward phase of bicep curl
Rotation - (twisting) movement in longitudinal axis of limb e.g. rotating forearm to put top spin on a forehand drive in tennis
Abduction - movement away from the central line of the body e.g. outwards part of star jump
Adduction - movement towards the central line of the body e.g. inwards part of star jump
Circumduction – continuous circular movement at the end of a limb e.g. arm moving in a circular motion when fast bowling in cricket

Question 6

Movement Types possible at a Hinge Joint

Answer 6

Flexion and Extension

Question 7

Movement Types possible at a Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 7

Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction and Circumduction

Question 8

Components of Joints

Answer 8

Ligaments - elastic fibres which attach bone to bone. They stabilise joints during movement

Tendons - Connect muscle to bone to allow movement

Articular Cartilage - very hard and smooth, covers the end of long bones to reduce wear through friction and absorb shock