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Anatomy and Physiology > The Spine and Spinal Structures > Flashcards

The Spine and Spinal Structures Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are fused?

A

9

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3
Q

What percentage of the spine is made up from intervertebral discs?

A

Approx 25%

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4
Q

Anteriorly which spinal regions are convex in shape?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

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5
Q

Anteriorly which spinal regions are concave in shape?

A

Thoracic and sacral regions

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6
Q

How many vertebrae are contained within the cervical part of the spine?

A

7

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7
Q

How many vertebrae are contained within the thoracic part of the spine?

A

12

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8
Q

How many vertebrae are contained within the lumbar part of the spine?

A

5

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9
Q

How many vertebrae are contained within the sacral part of the spine?

A

5

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10
Q

Which ribs are “floating ribs” and do not articulate with the costal cartilage?

A

The lower two ribs (11th and 12th)

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11
Q

What is the coccyx also known as and how many vertebrae does it contain?

A

The tailbone containing 4 fused vertebrae

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12
Q

What is the first cervical vertebra known as?

A

Atlas

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13
Q

What is the second cervical vertebra known as?

A

Axis

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14
Q

What movement is permitted between the cranium and the top of the cervical spine?

A

Rotation

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15
Q

Which part of the spine permits lateral flexion?

A

Lumbar

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16
Q

Which part of the spine permits rotation?

A

Thoracic

17
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

18
Q

How many ribs connect directly to the sternum?

A

Upper 7

19
Q

What type of joint connects the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Cartilaginous

20
Q

Which regions of the spine contain intervertebral discs?

A

Cervical, thoracic and lumbar

21
Q

What are the two primary functions of the intervertibral discs?

A

To assist in movement between adjacent vertebrae and load transference from one vertebra to another

22
Q

What are the two components of an intervertebral disc?

A

Nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

23
Q

What is an end plate in the spine?

A

A deformable plate of cartilage on the upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra

24
Q

How many degrees of motion does an intervertebral disc permit?

A

6 degrees

25
Q

What is another name for a herniated disc?

A

A slipped disc

26
Q

How many processes does each vertebra have?

A

7

27
Q

What is contained within the vertebral foramen?

A

Spinal cord, fat, connective tissue and blood vessels

28
Q

Where is the neural arch?

A

Posterior to the vertebral body surrounding the vertebral foramen

29
Q

What is the function of pedicles?

A

They allow nerves and blood vessels to leave the vertebral canal in-between each disc

30
Q

Are the spinal ligaments more or less flexible than normal ligaments?

A

More flexible

31
Q

How do spinal ligaments limit movement?

A

By increasing their tension as the range of extension or flexion increases

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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