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Physiological Psych Lab > The Spine and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

The Spine and Spinal Cord Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord

A

True

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2
Q

Which gender is known to have a longer spinal cord?

A

Average men: 45cm
Average women: 43cm

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia mater (DAP: Dogs always play)

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4
Q

What is the thickest layer of the mengines?

A

Dura mater (outermost layer)

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5
Q

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

A

Aracnoid

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6
Q

What is the innermost layer that adheres to the brain surface of the meninges?

A

Pia mater

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7
Q

What are the total segments of the spine?

A

33 segments

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8
Q

Define spinal segment

A

Region associated with one vertebra and one dorsal/ventral spinal nerve pair

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9
Q

How many segments are in the cervical?

A

7 segments

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10
Q

How many segments are in the thoracic?

A

12 segments

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11
Q

How many segments are in the lumbar?

A

5 segments

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12
Q

How many segments are in the sacral?

A

5 segments

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13
Q

How many segments are in the coccygeal?

A

4 segments

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14
Q

Name the 5 parts of the spinal cord

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

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15
Q

What part of the body is within the cervical vertebrae?

A

Head, neck, shoulders, diaphram

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16
Q

What parts of the body are within the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Truck muscles, chest wall, organs

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17
Q

What parts of the body are within the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Lower back, legs, feet

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18
Q

What parts of the body are within the sacral vertebrae?

A

Bowel, bladder, sexual functions

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19
Q

What parts of the spinal cord are fused?

A

Sacral and Coccygeal

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20
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin/ the body associated with a single spinal cord segment

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21
Q

What is clinical importance?

A

Specific region affected by pain or paralysis indicates nerve and spinal region that should be medically assessed.

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22
Q

Complete SCI:

A

No movement or sensation below injury

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23
Q

Incomplete SCI:

A

Partial damage to cord

24
Q

Hangman’s fracture:

A

C2 usually fatal due to brain stem injury (medulla, reticular activating system)

25
Q

Severing below brainstem, but above c3,c4,c5:

A

Usually leads to asphyxiation

26
Q

Define Quadriplegia:

A

Loss of feeling in most of the body (four limbs)

27
Q

Define paraplegia:

A

Loss of feeling in lower extremities

28
Q

What has a similar consistency to the spinal cord

A

Toothpaste

29
Q

Vertebral body is:

A

Anterior/ventral

30
Q

Spinous process is:

A

Posterior/dorsal

31
Q

Intervertreal disc is:

A

Spongy cushion, allows flexibility. “Slipped disc”

32
Q

The vertebral body and Spinous Process in connected by:

A

Ligaments

33
Q

Where would an epidural be placed during labor?

A

T10-L1 (midlumbar/lower back)

34
Q

The subarachnoid space is between the:

A

Arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains CSF

35
Q

The epidural space is located:

A

Outside of the meninges, mostly adipose tissue

36
Q

Symptoms of meningitis is:

A

Inflammation of the meninges, headache, stiff neck, high fever.

37
Q

Dorsal root is:

A

Sensory axons and interneuron cell bodies, ASCENDING

38
Q

Ventral root is:

A

Motor cell bodies, DESCENDING

39
Q

Dorsal information comes from:

A

In from the body to spinal cord through dorsal rootlets into dorsal root (sensory)

40
Q

Dorsal rootlets enter the cord at the:

A

Posterolateral sulcus (postero = back)

41
Q

Ventral information goes from:

A

From the spinal cord to body through ventral rootlets into ventral root (motor)

42
Q

Central rootlets enter the cord at the:

A

Anterolateral sulcus (antero= front)

43
Q

What does pseudounipolar neurons mean?

A

They have one long axon with two branches. Typically one branch extends peripherally from the muscle/skin while the other extends from the cell bodies at the ganglion towards the spinal cord)

44
Q

True or False: dorsal root ganglion cells are pseudounipolar?

A

True

45
Q

What are the two major subdivisions of the dorsal horn?

A

Substantia gelatinosa and Nucleus proprius

46
Q

The substantia gelatinoa

A

Caps the horn; contains cell bodies from incoming sensory axons carrying pain and temperature information.

47
Q

The nucleus proprius:

A

Contains cell bodies of interneurons and cell bodies entering axons with somatic and visceral proprioceptive information.

48
Q

True of False: ventral horn contains a ventral root ganglion.

A

False: the motor cell bodies are all inside the ventral horn.

49
Q

Dorsal nucleus:

A

Contains bodies of spinal neurons that receive proprioceptive information from the body, ultimately carrying it to the cerebellum. (AKA Clark’s nucleus)(T1-L2) SENSORY

50
Q

Intermediolateral nucleus:

A

Contains spinal preganglionic autonomic neurons that send information to organs like the heart lungs and intestines. (T1-L3) MOTOR

51
Q

Central canal carries what?

A

CSF

52
Q

Cervical enlargment:

A

motor neurons to control arms/head/upper body

53
Q

Lumbar enlargement:

A

Motor neurons to control legs/lower body

54
Q

Spinal cord is _ thick at cervical and lumbar

A

1/2”

55
Q

Spinal cord is _ at thoracic

A

1/4”

Physiological Psych Lab (4 decks)

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