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Functional Anatomy > The Spine > Flashcards

The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the spinal regions? how many in each?(6)

A

33 Vertebrae
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccygeal

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2
Q

What are the Curves of the spine and what are the 2 groups?

A

Thoracic and Sacral = Kyphosis - Convex Posteriorly

Cervical and Lumbar = Lordosis - Convex Anteriorly

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3
Q

Thoracolumbar movements?(four)

A

Flexion - upper body forward
Extension - upper body back
Lateral rotation - upper body tilt to the side
Axial rotation - turn head

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4
Q

Cervical movements?(6)

A

Flexion - head forwards
Extension - head backwards
Right/left side flexion - head to tilt to right/left
Right/left rotation - turn head right/left

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5
Q

What separates the body?

A

Intervertebral discs

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6
Q

What articulates two vertebrae?

A

Zygapophyseal joints

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7
Q

What is the C1 vertebrae and what is its function?

A

The Atlas - articulates base of skull at the Atlantoocciptal joint

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8
Q

What is the C2 vertebrae and its function?

A

The Axis - articulates the atlas at the Atlantoaxial joint

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9
Q

What are the main spinal ligaments?(6)

A

Anterior/Posterior longitudinal ligaments

Ligamenta flava

Superiorspinal ligaments

Interspinal ligament

Intervertebral discs

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10
Q

Where is the Anterior longitudinal ligament? Function?

A

Descends anteriorly and laterally along vertebrae

Prevents hyperextension, reinforces sacrum

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11
Q

Where is the Posterior longitudinal ligament? Function?

A

Descends within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebrae

keeps discs in place

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12
Q

Where are the intervertebral discs? Function?

A

Between vertebrae

Supports, bares weight and absorbs impact

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13
Q

Where is the Ligamenta flava? Function?

A

Adjoin on lamellae of vertebrae

Prevent hyperflexion and aid movement

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14
Q

Where is the
Interspinal ligament? Function?

A

Connect spinal processes extending anteriorly to posteriorly

Aid stability, limit hyperflexion

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15
Q

Where is the
supraspinous ligament? Function?

A

Joins posterior spinal processes and descends inferiorly

Aids stability/ supports shape, spinal movement

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16
Q

What are the muscles in thoracic cage and their function?

A

Diaphragm - increases space in cage when contracted = decreases pressure = air in

IIM - Contracts to reduce space = increase pressure = air out

EIM - Contract = increases space = decrease pressure = air in

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17
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Quadratus lumborum?

A

Action - Extends and laterally flexes trunk
Origin - Posterior half of iliac crest
Insertion - 12th rib, transverse process
Innervation - Anterior rami of 12th thoracic and 1st to 4th lumbar nerves

18
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Multifidus ?

A

Action - Extends neck and trunk
Origin - PSIS, sacrum and transverse processes
Insertion - Spinous processes
Innervation - Medial branch nerve (of posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar nerves)

19
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Iliocostalis?

A

Action - Extends and laterally flexes neck and trunk
Origin - 3rd to 12th ribs, iliac crest
Insertion - Posterior tubercles of Transverse process
Innervation - Lateral branches of posterior rami of lower cervical, thoracic and lumbar nerves

20
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Action - Adducts, medially rotates and extends shoulder
Origin - Spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion - Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation - Thoracodorsal nerve

21
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Transverse abdominis ?

A

Action - Compresses and provides structure
Origin - Thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion - Pubic crest
Innervation - Anterior rami of 7th to 12th thoracic nerves

22
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Rectus abdominis ?

A

Action - Flexes trunk
Origin - Pubic crest and symphysis
Insertion - Xiphoid process on 5th to 7th ribs
Innervation - Anterior rami of 6th to 12th thoracic nerves

23
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Internal oblique ?

A

Action - Flexes, laterally flexes and rotates the trunk
Origin - Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion - 8th-12th rib, pubic crest and linea alba
Innervation - Anterior rami of 7th to 12th thoracic nerves

24
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the External oblique?

A

Action - Flexes, laterally flexes and rotates the trunk
Origin - External surfaces and inferior borders of ribs
Insertion - ASIS, iliac crest
Innervation - Anterior rami of 7th to 12th thoracic nerves

25
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Semispinalis cervicis?

A

Action - Extends and rotates head
Origin - Transverse process T1-T6
Insertion - Spinous processes C2-C3
Innervation - Medial branches of posterior rami of upper thoracic and lower cervicis

26
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Semispinalis capitis?

A

Action - Extends and rotates head
Origin - Superior articular processes, C4-C7
Insertion - Area located between superior and inferior occipital bones
Innervation - Greater occipital and third cervical nerves

27
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Longus cervicis ?

A

Action - Flexes and rotates the head
Origin - Anterior C3-T3
Insertion - C1-C6
Innervation - Anterior rami of 2nd-6th cervical nerves

28
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Levator scapulae ?

A

Action - Elevates and rotates shoulder, extends and laterally flexes head
Origin - Transverse processes, C1-C2
Insertion - Scapula
Innervation - Anterior rami of 3rd/4th cervical nerves

29
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Splenius capitis ?

A

Action - Rotates and extends head
Origin - Spinal column
Insertion - Mastoid process
Innervation - Posterior rami, 2nd/3rd cervical nerves

30
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Trapezius ?

A

Action - Elevates, depresses and retracts the shoulder, extends and laterally flexes the head
Origin - Occipital protuberance
Insertion - Clavicle
Innervation - Accessory nerve, 3rd/4th cervical nerve

31
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Scalenus ?

A

Action - Flexion (Lateral flexion) of head, rotates head
Origin - Transverse process of vertebrae
Insertion - First rib
Innervation - Anterior rami of 4th to 6th cervical nerves

32
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Platysma?

A

Action - Neck flexion, tense skin of neck
Origin - Clavicle/Pectoral fascia
Insertion - Mandible
Innervation - Cervical branch of facial nerve

33
Q

Describe the Action, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Action - (Lateral)Flexion of head, rotates head
Origin - Sternal head
Insertion - Mastoid process/Clavicle
Innervation - Accessory nerve

34
Q

What are the muscles of the thoracic cage?

A

Diaphragm
Internal/External intercostals

35
Q

Structure of thoracic cage?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs
The Sternum.

36
Q

Function of erector spinae muscles?

A

Flexes (and laterally flexes) trunk
Extends back and neck

37
Q

What are the roots of the Brachial Plexus and which connect?

A

C5,6,7,8
T1

C5 and C6 connect
C8 and T1 connect

38
Q

What are the Trunks of the Brachial plexus and how many divisions do they have?

A

Superior
Middle and
Inferior

each with 2 divisions, Anterior and Posterior

39
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus and what are they made up of?

A

Lateral - Anterior superior and middle trunks

Posterior - Posterior of all trunks

Medial cord - Anterior of inferior trunks

40
Q

What are the branches of the Brachial plexus and what are they made of?

A

Musculocutaneous - Lateral cord

Median - Lateral and Medial cord

Ulna - Medial cord

Axillary - Posterior cord

Radial - Posterior cord

Functional Anatomy (10 decks)

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