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Functional Anatomy > The Ankle > Flashcards

The Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the foot? (4)

A
  1. Base of support
  2. Adapt to uneven surfaces
  3. Absorb shock
  4. Propulsion eg jumping, walking
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2
Q

What is the function of the arch system?

A

To allow both flexibility and rigidity to carry out different functions

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3
Q

What are the 3 main arches of the foot?

A

Medial
Lateral
Anterior Transverse

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4
Q

What area supports the 3 Arches?

A

The plantar vault

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5
Q

What are the 3 main contact points of the Plantar vault?

A

Head of Metatarsal 1,
5 and the Calcaneal Tuberosity

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6
Q

Properties of the Medial arch? (3)

A

Highest Arch
No contact with the ground
Extremely flexible

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7
Q

What are the bones that make up the medial arch? (5)

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Medial Cuneiform
Metatarsal 1

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8
Q

Properties of the Lateral arch?

A

Flatter than the medial arch
Contact with the ground
More rigid than the medial arch

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9
Q

Bones that make up the Lateral arch?

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Metatarsal 5

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10
Q

Bones that make up the Anterior Transverse Arch?

A

All the metatarsals, 1 to 5

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11
Q

What stabilises the arch?

A

Shape
Strength of supports

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12
Q

What is a key stone?

A

Angulation of a bone to lock in the bones around it.

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of support?

A

Staple, Tie beam, Sling

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14
Q

What are the stages of the gait cycle?

A

Heel strike
Stance phase
Heel off
Toe off

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15
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the lower leg?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

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16
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Tibialis posterior

A

Function: Plantar flexion, toe flexors
Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Medial calcaneal, navicular, metatarsals
Innervation:Tibial nerve

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17
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Function: Plantar flexor, toe flexor
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx
Innervation:Tibial Nerve

18
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Function: Plantar flexion, toe flexor
Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Distal Phalanages
Innervation: Tibial nerve

19
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Plantaris

A

Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral superconduler line
Insertion: Posterior surface of Calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial nerve

20
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Soleus

A

Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral fibula
Insertion: Achilles tendon, calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

21
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Gastrocnemius (ankle)

A

Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral/Medial condyle of Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus through Calcaneal tendon
Innervation:Tibial Nerve

22
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Tibialis Anterior

A

Function: Dorsi Flexor
Origin: Superior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsals
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

23
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Function: Dorsi Flexor, Toe extensor
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

24
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Function: Dorsi Flexor, Toe extensor
Origin: Lateral fibula
Insertion: phalanges
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve

25
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus tertius

A

Function: Dorsi Flexor, eversion
Origin: Lower Fibula
Insertion: Base of 5th Metatarsals
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve

26
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus Longus

A

Function: Eversion
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation:Superficial fibular nerve

27
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus Brevis

A

Function: Eversion,Plantar flexion
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: 5th Metatarsal
Innervation: Superficial fibuar nerve

28
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Function: Toe extensor
Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

29
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor hallucis brevis

A

Function: Toe extensor
Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

30
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Dorsal Interossei

A

Function: Toe abductor
Origin: Metatarsals
Insertion: Proximal phalanges
Innervation:

31
Q

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the

A

Function:
Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:

32
Q

What Muscles make up the Anterior part of the lower leg?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus tertius

33
Q

What Muscles make up the Posterior Superficial part of the lower leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

34
Q

What Muscles make up the Posterior Deep part of the lower leg?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

35
Q

What Muscles make up the Lateral part of the lower leg?

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis

36
Q

What are the Dorsal Intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Dorsal interossei

37
Q

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (1st Layer)

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

38
Q

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (2nd Layer)

A

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals

39
Q

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot?(3rd Layer)

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum minimi

40
Q

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (4th Layer)

A

Plantar interossei

Functional Anatomy (10 decks)

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