The Ankle

Question 1

What are the functions of the foot? (4)

Answer 1

1. Base of support
2. Adapt to uneven surfaces
3. Absorb shock
4. Propulsion eg jumping, walking

Question 2

What is the function of the arch system?

Answer 2

To allow both flexibility and rigidity to carry out different functions

Question 3

What are the 3 main arches of the foot?

Answer 3

Medial
Lateral
Anterior Transverse

Question 4

What area supports the 3 Arches?

Answer 4

The plantar vault

Question 5

What are the 3 main contact points of the Plantar vault?

Answer 5

Head of Metatarsal 1,
5 and the Calcaneal Tuberosity

Question 6

Properties of the Medial arch? (3)

Answer 6

Highest Arch
No contact with the ground
Extremely flexible

Question 7

What are the bones that make up the medial arch? (5)

Answer 7

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Medial Cuneiform
Metatarsal 1

Question 8

Properties of the Lateral arch?

Answer 8

Flatter than the medial arch
Contact with the ground
More rigid than the medial arch

Question 9

Bones that make up the Lateral arch?

Answer 9

Calcaneus
Cuboid
Metatarsal 5

Question 10

Bones that make up the Anterior Transverse Arch?

Answer 10

All the metatarsals, 1 to 5

Question 11

What stabilises the arch?

Answer 11

Shape
Strength of supports

Question 12

What is a key stone?

Answer 12

Angulation of a bone to lock in the bones around it.

Question 13

What are the 3 types of support?

Answer 13

Staple, Tie beam, Sling

Question 14

What are the stages of the gait cycle?

Answer 14

Heel strike
Stance phase
Heel off
Toe off

Question 15

What are the 3 compartments of the lower leg?

Answer 15

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

Question 16

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Tibialis posterior

Answer 16

Function: Plantar flexion, toe flexors
Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Medial calcaneal, navicular, metatarsals
Innervation:Tibial nerve

Question 17

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Longus

Answer 17

Function: Plantar flexor, toe flexor
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx
Innervation:Tibial Nerve

Question 18

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Longus

Answer 18

Function: Plantar flexion, toe flexor
Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Distal Phalanages
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Question 19

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Plantaris

Answer 19

Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral superconduler line
Insertion: Posterior surface of Calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial nerve

Question 20

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Soleus

Answer 20

Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral fibula
Insertion: Achilles tendon, calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial Nerve

Question 21

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Gastrocnemius (ankle)

Answer 21

Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral/Medial condyle of Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus through Calcaneal tendon
Innervation:Tibial Nerve

Question 22

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Tibialis Anterior

Answer 22

Function: Dorsi Flexor
Origin: Superior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsals
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Question 23

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Longus

Answer 23

Function: Dorsi Flexor, Toe extensor
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Question 24

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 24

Function: Dorsi Flexor, Toe extensor
Origin: Lateral fibula
Insertion: phalanges
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve

Question 25

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus tertius

Answer 25

Function: Dorsi Flexor, eversion Origin: Lower Fibula Insertion: Base of 5th Metatarsals Innervation:Deep fibular nerve

Question 26

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus Longus

Answer 26

Function: Eversion Origin: Fibula Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal Innervation:Superficial fibular nerve

Question 27

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus Brevis

Answer 27

Function: Eversion,Plantar flexion Origin: Fibula Insertion: 5th Metatarsal Innervation: Superficial fibuar nerve

Question 28

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 28

Function: Toe extensor Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: Proximal phalanx Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Question 29

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor hallucis brevis

Answer 29

Function: Toe extensor Origin: Calcaneus Insertion: Proximal phalanx Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Question 30

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Dorsal Interossei

Answer 30

Function: Toe abductor Origin: Metatarsals Insertion: Proximal phalanges Innervation:

Question 31

Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the

Answer 31

Function: Origin: Insertion: Innervation:

Question 32

What Muscles make up the Anterior part of the lower leg?

Answer 32

Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus tertius

Question 33

What Muscles make up the Posterior Superficial part of the lower leg?

Answer 33

Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris

Question 34

What Muscles make up the Posterior Deep part of the lower leg?

Answer 34

Popliteus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 35

What Muscles make up the Lateral part of the lower leg?

Answer 35

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis

Question 36

What are the Dorsal Intrinsic muscles of the foot?

Answer 36

Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis brevis Dorsal interossei

Question 37

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (1st Layer)

Answer 37

Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi

Question 38

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (2nd Layer)

Answer 38

Quadratus plantae Lumbricals

Question 39

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot?(3rd Layer)

Answer 39

Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digitorum minimi

Question 40

What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (4th Layer)

Answer 40

Plantar interossei