The Ankle Flashcards
What are the functions of the foot? (4)
- Base of support
- Adapt to uneven surfaces
- Absorb shock
- Propulsion eg jumping, walking
What is the function of the arch system?
To allow both flexibility and rigidity to carry out different functions
What are the 3 main arches of the foot?
Medial
Lateral
Anterior Transverse
What area supports the 3 Arches?
The plantar vault
What are the 3 main contact points of the Plantar vault?
Head of Metatarsal 1,
5 and the Calcaneal Tuberosity
Properties of the Medial arch? (3)
Highest Arch
No contact with the ground
Extremely flexible
What are the bones that make up the medial arch? (5)
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Medial Cuneiform
Metatarsal 1
Properties of the Lateral arch?
Flatter than the medial arch
Contact with the ground
More rigid than the medial arch
Bones that make up the Lateral arch?
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Metatarsal 5
Bones that make up the Anterior Transverse Arch?
All the metatarsals, 1 to 5
What stabilises the arch?
Shape
Strength of supports
What is a key stone?
Angulation of a bone to lock in the bones around it.
What are the 3 types of support?
Staple, Tie beam, Sling
What are the stages of the gait cycle?
Heel strike
Stance phase
Heel off
Toe off
What are the 3 compartments of the lower leg?
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Tibialis posterior
Function: Plantar flexion, toe flexors
Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Medial calcaneal, navicular, metatarsals
Innervation:Tibial nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Flexor Hallucis Longus
Function: Plantar flexor, toe flexor
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx
Innervation:Tibial Nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Longus
Function: Plantar flexion, toe flexor
Origin: Posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Distal Phalanages
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Plantaris
Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral superconduler line
Insertion: Posterior surface of Calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Soleus
Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral fibula
Insertion: Achilles tendon, calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Gastrocnemius (ankle)
Function: Plantar flexion
Origin: Lateral/Medial condyle of Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus through Calcaneal tendon
Innervation:Tibial Nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Tibialis Anterior
Function: Dorsi Flexor
Origin: Superior surface of the tibia
Insertion: Base of 1st Metatarsals
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Hallucis Longus
Function: Dorsi Flexor, Toe extensor
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Longus
Function: Dorsi Flexor, Toe extensor
Origin: Lateral fibula
Insertion: phalanges
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus tertius
Function: Dorsi Flexor, eversion
Origin: Lower Fibula
Insertion: Base of 5th Metatarsals
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus Longus
Function: Eversion
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal
Innervation:Superficial fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Peroneus Brevis
Function: Eversion,Plantar flexion
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: 5th Metatarsal
Innervation: Superficial fibuar nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Function: Toe extensor
Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Extensor hallucis brevis
Function: Toe extensor
Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the Dorsal Interossei
Function: Toe abductor
Origin: Metatarsals
Insertion: Proximal phalanges
Innervation:
Describe the Function, Origin, Insertion and Innervation of the
Function:
Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:
What Muscles make up the Anterior part of the lower leg?
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Peroneus tertius
What Muscles make up the Posterior Superficial part of the lower leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
What Muscles make up the Posterior Deep part of the lower leg?
Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
What Muscles make up the Lateral part of the lower leg?
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
What are the Dorsal Intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Dorsal interossei
What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (1st Layer)
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (2nd Layer)
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot?(3rd Layer)
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum minimi
What are the Plantar Intrinsic muscles of the foot? (4th Layer)
Plantar interossei
