The Spine Flashcards
The vertebrae bony structure
Spinous process
Transverse process
facets
Cervical spine
Cervical vertebrae are the thinnest and most delicate spine region
- flexibility in the head region
Large triangular verebreal
Thoracic Spine
Connects through ribs through facet joints
Lateral flexion limited
- Most restricted movement region due to ribs
Lumbar spine
Lumbar/ sacral joints allow for the largest in any form of flexion and extension
Facet joints limit rotation unless spine is flexed
Sacrum
5 vertebrates
Coccyx
4 vertebrae
Muscles and movements of the trunk
Back muscles, co complex muscle activation is needed
Muscles of the trunk (Posterior)
IIiocstalias thoracic, Longissimus, erector spinae, lats, traps (posterior)
Muscles of the trunk (anterior)
internal/external oblique, rectus abdomens, intercostal
Erector Spinae (3) divisons
Spinalis
Longissimus
Illocsoticals
Abdominal flexors contribute to (6) muscles
Rectus abmdoimus Exertnal obliques Transverse abodmois Quadrates lumborum Internal obliques IIiopoas
Intra-abdominal pressure
Diaphragm activation increase (AP and lumbar spine stiffness)
Sponduloysis ( lower vertebrae)
Cracks/fractures of par interarticularis of vertebral arch
Restriction of
Spondylolistheisis (disease)
causes lower vertebrae to slip forwards onto the next vertebrae
Spondylolysis is a crack/fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. Which of the following statements is true regarding spondylolysis:
Pain is felt in hyperextension and rotation, accounts for approximately 50% of low back pain in pre-adolescents and adolescents, and requires activity restriction, bracing then exercise training progressing from flexion/extension to slow sports technique retraining then reintroduction of strength training
The major movements that occur at the spine (vertebral column) are:
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
The intervertebral discs lie between vertebrae and absorb shock/force and allow movement. Which of the following statements is most correct:
They are prone to degeneration with ageing, and only recently has evidence indicated that exercise (particularly running) may minimise degeneration and dehydration with ageing
Within the spine, disc pressures would be expected to increase in the following order (lowest pressures first):
Standing at ease, sitting up straight, sitting relaxed with slight spinal flexion, sitting leaning forward