The Spine

Question 1

The vertebrae bony structure

Answer 1

Spinous process
Transverse process
facets

Question 2

Cervical spine

Answer 2

Cervical vertebrae are the thinnest and most delicate spine region
- flexibility in the head region

Large triangular verebreal

Question 3

Thoracic Spine

Answer 3

Connects through ribs through facet joints
Lateral flexion limited

• Most restricted movement region due to ribs

Question 4

Lumbar spine

Answer 4

Lumbar/ sacral joints allow for the largest in any form of flexion and extension

Facet joints limit rotation unless spine is flexed

Question 5

Sacrum

Answer 5

5 vertebrates

Question 6

Coccyx

Answer 6

4 vertebrae

Question 7

Muscles and movements of the trunk

Answer 7

Back muscles, co complex muscle activation is needed

Question 8

Muscles of the trunk (Posterior)

Answer 8

IIiocstalias thoracic, Longissimus, erector spinae, lats, traps (posterior)

Question 9

Muscles of the trunk (anterior)

Answer 9

internal/external oblique, rectus abdomens, intercostal

Question 10

Erector Spinae (3) divisons

Answer 10

Spinalis
Longissimus
Illocsoticals

Question 11

Abdominal flexors contribute to (6) muscles

Answer 11

Rectus abmdoimus
Exertnal obliques
Transverse abodmois
Quadrates lumborum
Internal obliques
IIiopoas

Question 12

Intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 12

Diaphragm activation increase (AP and lumbar spine stiffness)

Question 13

Sponduloysis ( lower vertebrae)

Answer 13

Cracks/fractures of par interarticularis of vertebral arch

Restriction of

Question 14

Spondylolistheisis (disease)

Answer 14

causes lower vertebrae to slip forwards onto the next vertebrae

Question 15

Spondylolysis is a crack/fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. Which of the following statements is true regarding spondylolysis:

Answer 15

Pain is felt in hyperextension and rotation, accounts for approximately 50% of low back pain in pre-adolescents and adolescents, and requires activity restriction, bracing then exercise training progressing from flexion/extension to slow sports technique retraining then reintroduction of strength training

Question 16

The major movements that occur at the spine (vertebral column) are:

Answer 16

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

Question 17

The intervertebral discs lie between vertebrae and absorb shock/force and allow movement. Which of the following statements is most correct:

Answer 17

They are prone to degeneration with ageing, and only recently has evidence indicated that exercise (particularly running) may minimise degeneration and dehydration with ageing

Question 18

Within the spine, disc pressures would be expected to increase in the following order (lowest pressures first):

Answer 18

Standing at ease, sitting up straight, sitting relaxed with slight spinal flexion, sitting leaning forward