Pelvis and lumbar spine Flashcards
Pelvic Joints
o Pubic symphysis
o Sacroiliac Joint
o Femoral joint
Muscles Superior to Pelvis
Quadratus Lumborum (QL) o Deepest abdominal muscle o Supports posture, stabilizes spine during side bending or lower back extension
Muscles Inferior to Pelvis
Groin Muscles Adductor Brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis
Hip extensions
Gluteus maximums
Gluteus mindius
Rectus Femoris
Hip Flexors
Sartorius
ITB Syndrome (ITBS)
• Over activity in ITB can result in pain and tightness
Results from overuse, technique flaws (cycling ‘toe in’ or excessive knee flexion), muscular weakness (e.g. abductors, lateral rotators of femur)
Hip Internal and External Rotation
Open chain movements of the muscles involved rotate the femur
Closed chain movements contribute to pelvis & trunk balance over the lower extremity
Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Dysfunction
Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint
Iliopsoas Tightness
Chronic tightness in psoas (and iliacus) resulting in tension, pain and/or spasms in the lower back, hips, pelvis or buttocks (possibly sciatic issues)
May be triggered by overuse (sports) or prolonged sitting (especially leaning back)
Groin Strain
Strain to any adductor muscle, leading to pain and loss of function
- Repeated strain of active muscles
Rectus Femoris Strain
May result from RF (or general hip flexor) tightness or poor eccentric strength; usually acute rather than overuse
- stimulate hip extension and hip flexion (Kicking
Hamstring Injury
Most common non-contact injury in many running-based sports (>1/3 of all injuries in soccer)
- Connective tissues and extracellular matrix
- Stretch type injury mostly in semimembranosus, and sprint type mostly in biceps femoris (long head)
Lombard’s Paradox
Rectus femoris has a smaller moment arm than hamstrings at the hip but larger moment arm at the knee, so simultaneous rectus femoris and hamstrings activation causes hip and knee extension â this improves efficiency during gait but may increase injury risk when hip and knee either extend or flex at the same time (muscles work at longer lengths)
Benefits
- ( Rectus femoris) hamstrings co-activation tends to extend the hip (hamstrings win) and extend the knee (RF wins)
Costs
RF significantly stretched during hip extension with knee flexion (leg cocking in kicking, and end of swing phase in running)
Hamstrings significantly stretched during hip flexion with knee extension (end of kicking follow-through and end of recovery phase in sprinting)
Core Stability
Refers to ability to maintain pelvic and spinal posture during movements
Core stability Stages (3)
Stage 1
Ability to activate or control muscles
Stage 2
Active during complex task
Stage 3
Sports or ADL practice/drills
Four main bones involving the pelvic girdle
Ilium, ischium, sacrum, coccyx
Muscle anterior to pelvis
Psoas minor/major
Iliacus
In a closed kinetic chain task, the main action of the gluteus maximus muscle will be to:
Extend the hip, causing the upper body to rotate backwards (erect the body upright)
The ‘sprint-type’ hamstring injury:
Most commonly occurs in the long head of biceps femoris (usually in the transition from leg recovery to swing phases or just prior to foot-ground contact), is linked to suboptimal muscle strength (particularly eccentric strength) and running technique flaws, and may be more likely to occur when the muscles are fatigued
Osteitis pubis, causing pain at the front of the pubic bone region, has the following characteristics:
Usually an overuse injury that may be associated with weak internal rotators, requiring correction of observable muscle imbalances and flexibility/mobility limitations around the pelvis/hip region then slow return to exercise/sports with focus on optimisation of running and kicking technique
