The Spinal Nerves

Question 1

a nerve is a cordlike organ composed of numerous _______ _______ bound together by __________ _________

Answer 1

nerve fibers
connective tissue

Question 2

endoneurium is ________ to the neurilemma, each fiber is surrounded by ________ ________ and a thin sleeve of ________ ________ ________ called endoneurium

Answer 2

external
basal lamina
loose connective tissue

Question 3

in most nerves, the fibers are gathered by bundles called

Answer 3

fasicles

Question 4

what is the structure of a nerve

Answer 4

endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium

Question 5

each fascicle is wrapped in a sheath called

Answer 5

perineurium

Question 6

perineurium is composed of up to 20 layers of overlapping

Answer 6

squamous

Question 7

epineurium consists of ____________________________ tissue and ________ the nerve from stretching and injury

Answer 7

dense irregular connective
protects

Question 8

several fascicles are bundled together and wrapped with an outer layer of ___________ to compose the nerve as a _______

Answer 8

epineurium
whole

Question 9

how to classify nerve fibers

Answer 9

afferent
efferent
somatic
visceral
general
special

Question 10

afferent nerve fibers carry ________ signals from receptors to the __________

Answer 10

sensory
CNS

Question 11

efferent nerve fibers carry ___________ signals from the CNS to the ___________

Answer 11

motor
effectors

Question 12

somatic nerve fibers innervate ______,_______,_______, and ______

Answer 12

skin
muscle
joint
bone

Question 13

visceral nerve fibers innervate ____ _____,______, and ________

Answer 13

blood vessels
glands
viscera

Question 14

general nerve fibers innervate

Answer 14

widespread organs

Question 15

special nerve fibers innervate more localized organs in the

Answer 15

head

Question 16

how do you classify a nerve?

Answer 16

sensory
motor
mixed

Question 17

sensory nerves are composed of only what kind of fibers?

Answer 17

afferent

Question 18

sensory nerves include nerves only for

Answer 18

smell and vision

Question 19

motor nerves carry only

Answer 19

efferent neurons

Question 20

mixed nerves consist of both

Answer 20

efferent and efferent fibers

Question 21

mixed nerves conduct signals in

Answer 21

two different directions

Question 22

what is a cluster of neurosomas outside of the CNS?

Answer 22

a ganglion

Question 23

the first cervical nerve emerges between what?

Answer 23

the skull and atlas

Question 24

the rest of the spinal nerves emerge through what?

Answer 24

intervertebral foramina

Question 25

rootlets emerge from where?

Answer 25

the anterior surface

Question 26

rootlets converge to form what?

Answer 26

the anterior root

Question 27

the anterior root is a branch of what?

Answer 27

spinal nerve

Question 28

the anterior root emerges from what on the spinal nerve?

Answer 28

the anterior side

Question 29

the anterior root carries what kind of nerve fibers?

Answer 29

efferent

Question 30

the posterior root is a group of what?

Answer 30

rootlets

Question 31

the posterior root emerges from what side of the surface?

Answer 31

the posterior side

Question 32

the posterior root ganglion is how far away from the spinal cord

Answer 32

a short distance

Question 33

the posterior root ganglion contains the

Answer 33

neurosomas of sensory neurons

Question 34

the anterior ramus innervates the anterior and lateral

Answer 34

skin and muscles of the trunk

Question 35

the anterior ramus gives rise to

Answer 35

nerves of the limbs

Question 36

what ramus innervates the muscles and joints in the region of the spine and skin of the back

Answer 36

posterior ramus

Question 37

what reenters the vertebral canal and innervates the meninges, vertebrae, and spinal ligaments

Answer 37

meningeal branch

Question 38

the meningeal branch uses what kinds of fibers?

Answer 38

sensory and motor

Question 39

what arises from the anterior ramus in the thoracic region

Answer 39

intercostal nerve

Question 40

an intercostal nerve travels along the

Answer 40

inferior margin of a rib

Question 41

the intercostal nerve innervates the

Answer 41

skin and intercostal muscle

Question 42

what are the most common routes of viral migration in intercostal nerve branches?

Answer 42

sensory fibers

Question 43

what are the five spinal nerve plexus?

Answer 43

small cervical plexus brachial plexus lumbar plexus sacral plexus coccygeal plexus

Question 44

where is the small cervical plexus located?

Answer 44

in the neck

Question 45

where is the brachial plexus located?

Answer 45

near the shoulders

Question 46

where is the lumbar plexus located?

Answer 46

the lower back

Question 47

where is the sacral plexus located?

Answer 47

immediately inferior to the lower back

Question 48

where is the coccygeal plexus located?

Answer 48

adjacent to the lower sacrum and coccyx

Question 49

receives sensory input from a specific area of skin

Answer 49

dermatome

Question 50

spinal nerve damage is assessed by testing

Answer 50

dermatomes