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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > The Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

The Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

a nerve is a cordlike organ composed of numerous _______ _______ bound together by __________ _________

A

nerve fibers
connective tissue

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2
Q

endoneurium is ________ to the neurilemma, each fiber is surrounded by ________ ________ and a thin sleeve of ________ ________ ________ called endoneurium

A

external
basal lamina
loose connective tissue

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3
Q

in most nerves, the fibers are gathered by bundles called

A

fasicles

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4
Q

what is the structure of a nerve

A

endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium

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5
Q

each fascicle is wrapped in a sheath called

A

perineurium

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6
Q

perineurium is composed of up to 20 layers of overlapping

A

squamous

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7
Q

epineurium consists of ____________________________ tissue and ________ the nerve from stretching and injury

A

dense irregular connective
protects

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8
Q

several fascicles are bundled together and wrapped with an outer layer of ___________ to compose the nerve as a _______

A

epineurium
whole

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9
Q

how to classify nerve fibers

A

afferent
efferent
somatic
visceral
general
special

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10
Q

afferent nerve fibers carry ________ signals from receptors to the __________

A

sensory
CNS

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11
Q

efferent nerve fibers carry ___________ signals from the CNS to the ___________

A

motor
effectors

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12
Q

somatic nerve fibers innervate ______,_______,_______, and ______

A

skin
muscle
joint
bone

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13
Q

visceral nerve fibers innervate ____ _____,______, and ________

A

blood vessels
glands
viscera

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14
Q

general nerve fibers innervate

A

widespread organs

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15
Q

special nerve fibers innervate more localized organs in the

A

head

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16
Q

how do you classify a nerve?

A

sensory
motor
mixed

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17
Q

sensory nerves are composed of only what kind of fibers?

A

afferent

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18
Q

sensory nerves include nerves only for

A

smell and vision

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19
Q

motor nerves carry only

A

efferent neurons

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20
Q

mixed nerves consist of both

A

efferent and efferent fibers

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21
Q

mixed nerves conduct signals in

A

two different directions

22
Q

what is a cluster of neurosomas outside of the CNS?

A

a ganglion

23
Q

the first cervical nerve emerges between what?

A

the skull and atlas

24
Q

the rest of the spinal nerves emerge through what?

A

intervertebral foramina

25
Q

rootlets emerge from where?

A

the anterior surface

26
Q

rootlets converge to form what?

A

the anterior root

27
Q

the anterior root is a branch of what?

A

spinal nerve

28
Q

the anterior root emerges from what on the spinal nerve?

A

the anterior side

29
Q

the anterior root carries what kind of nerve fibers?

A

efferent

30
Q

the posterior root is a group of what?

A

rootlets

31
Q

the posterior root emerges from what side of the surface?

A

the posterior side

32
Q

the posterior root ganglion is how far away from the spinal cord

A

a short distance

33
Q

the posterior root ganglion contains the

A

neurosomas of sensory neurons

34
Q

the anterior ramus innervates the anterior and lateral

A

skin and muscles of the trunk

35
Q

the anterior ramus gives rise to

A

nerves of the limbs

36
Q

what ramus innervates the muscles and joints in the region of the spine and skin of the back

A

posterior ramus

37
Q

what reenters the vertebral canal and innervates the meninges, vertebrae, and spinal ligaments

A

meningeal branch

38
Q

the meningeal branch uses what kinds of fibers?

A

sensory and motor

39
Q

what arises from the anterior ramus in the thoracic region

A

intercostal nerve

40
Q

an intercostal nerve travels along the

A

inferior margin of a rib

41
Q

the intercostal nerve innervates the

A

skin and intercostal muscle

42
Q

what are the most common routes of viral migration in intercostal nerve branches?

A

sensory fibers

43
Q

what are the five spinal nerve plexus?

A

small cervical plexus
brachial plexus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
coccygeal plexus

44
Q

where is the small cervical plexus located?

A

in the neck

45
Q

where is the brachial plexus located?

A

near the shoulders

46
Q

where is the lumbar plexus located?

A

the lower back

47
Q

where is the sacral plexus located?

A

immediately inferior to the lower back

48
Q

where is the coccygeal plexus located?

A

adjacent to the lower sacrum and coccyx

49
Q

receives sensory input from a specific area of skin

A

dermatome

50
Q

spinal nerve damage is assessed by testing

A

dermatomes

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (15 decks)

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