The Spinal Cord

Question 1

what are the functions of the Spinal Cord?

Answer 1

conduction
neural integration
locomotion
reflexes

Question 2

early in fetal development, the cord extends

Answer 2

for the full length of the vertebral column

Question 3

the vertebral column grows ____________ than the spinal cord

Answer 3

faster

Question 4

at birth the cord only extends to

Answer 4

L3

Question 5

what are the four regions of the spinal cord

Answer 5

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

Question 6

how are the regions of the spinal cord named?

Answer 6

named for the level of the vertebral column from which spinal nerves emerge

Question 7

what defines one segment of the cord?

Answer 7

the part supplied by each pair of nerves

Question 8

where is the cervical enlargement located?

Answer 8

inferior cervical region

Question 9

cervical enlargement gives rise to

Answer 9

nerves of the upper limbs

Question 10

the lumbosacral enlargement is located

Answer 10

in the lumbosacral region

Question 11

lumbosacral enlargement issues nerves to

Answer 11

the pelvic nerves and region and the lower limbs

Question 12

what forms a loose-fitting sleeve called the dural sheath around the spinal cord

Answer 12

the dura mater

Question 13

the arachnoid mater consists of the

Answer 13

arachnoid membrane

Question 14

where is the arachnoid mater located

Answer 14

beneath the dura mater

Question 15

what are the three spinal meninges in order from superficial to deep

Answer 15

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 16

what two ligaments arise from the pia mater?

Answer 16

coccygeal ligament
denticulate ligament

Question 17

what does the coccygeal ligament do?

Answer 17

anchors the cord and meninges to vertebra co 1

Question 18

the denticulate ligament extends through the ____________ to the dura, anchoring and limiting ___________________ movements.

Answer 18

arachnoid
side-to-side

Question 19

what are bundles of axons called?

Answer 19

tracts

Question 20

does white matter contain tracts?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

white matter carries signals from

Answer 21

one level of the CNS to another

Question 22

does white matter contain myelin?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

does gray matter contain myelin?

Answer 23

yes, a little

Question 24

gray matter is the site of

Answer 24

synaptic contact between neurons

Question 25

what is the site of all neural integration in the spinal cord?

Answer 25

gray matter

Question 26

describe the posterior horns

Answer 26

they extend toward the posterolateral surfaces of the cord

Question 27

the anterior horn is ________ and extends toward the __________ surfaces

Answer 27

thicker
anterior

Question 28

the lateral horn is visible on each side of the ____________ matter from segments T2 through L1

Answer 28

gray

Question 29

the lateral horn contains the

Answer 29

sympathetic nervous system

Question 30

dividing white matter into three funiculli

Answer 30

posterior
lateral
anterior

Question 31

each funiculli consists of subdivisions called

Answer 31

tracts

Question 32

a first-order neuron detects a ________ and ________ a signal to the spinal cord and brainstem

Answer 32

stimulus
transmits

Question 33

a second-order neuron continues as far as a gateway called the ______________ at the upper end of the brainstem

Answer 33

thalamus

Question 34

a third-order neuron carries signals the rest of the way to the ___________________

Answer 34

cerebral cortex

Question 35

upper motor neurons begin with a ______________ in the cerebral cortex or brainstem

Answer 35

neurosoma

Question 36

do upper and lower motor neuron have an axon?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what does the axon of a upper motor neuron do?

Answer 37

terminates on a lower motor neuron in the brainstem or spinal cord

Question 38

the axon of the lower motor neuron leads the rest of the way to

Answer 38

the muscles and other organs