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PHOL0005 - Structure & Function Of The Nervous System > The Spinal Cord (Theme A) > Flashcards

The Spinal Cord (Theme A) Flashcards

1
Q

Which several of the following structures are parts of the white matter of the spinal cord (when viewed in cross section)?

  • Central sulcus
  • Temporal lobe
  • Central canal
  • Ventral horn
  • Ventral white commissure
  • Dorsal horn
  • Dorsal Funiculus
  • Lateral Funiculus
A
  1. Dorsal Funiculus
  2. Ventral white commissure
  3. Lateral Funiculus
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2
Q

The width of the human spinal cord and the ratio of grey & white matter varies depending on the ______ level at which a section is taken

A

Rostro-caudal

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3
Q

At ____ levels, there is much more white matter than grey matter.

A

Cervical

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4
Q

At _______ levels, the spinal cord is narrower than in ______ regions.

A

At THORACIC levels, the spinal cord is narrower than in CERVICAL & LUMBAR regions

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5
Q

In sacral regions, the ratio of grey matter to white matter is very skewed towards ______.

A

Grey matter

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6
Q

Thick parts of the spinal cord, appearing as swellings at cervical and lumbar / sacral regions are associated with the innervation of the ________.

A

Limbs

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7
Q

If you step onto a drawing pin, you experience pain. That sensation is transmitted to the spinal cord via the dorsal or the ventral root of the spinal cord?

A

The dorsal root (as it is sensory information)

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8
Q

A patient is experiencing pain down the back of their right thigh. This appears to be caused by pressure on a nerve exiting the vertebral column.
What nerve is this likely to be?

R lumbar nerve 1
R thoracic nerve 10
R sacral nerve 2
R sacral nerve 7
R cervical nerve 5
R lumbar nerve 8

A

R sacral nerve 2

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9
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in total?

A

31

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10
Q

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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11
Q

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

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12
Q

How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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13
Q

How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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14
Q

How many pairs of coccyx spinal nerves are there?

A

1 pair

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15
Q

What does the Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) of a spinal nerve contain?

A

Sensory neurone cell bodies

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16
Q

The dorsal root of the spinal nerve is responsible for what?

A

Sensory information going IN to the spinal cord
(Contains the central branch of the sensory neurone)

17
Q

The ventral root of a spinal nerve is responsible for what?

A

Motor information going OUT of the spinal cord
Contains motor neurone axons

18
Q

Give 4 examples of external stimuli

A

Pain
Touch
Heat / cold
Pressure

19
Q

What is proprioception?

A

‘Position’ sense - the awareness of the relative positions & orientations of different body parts
(A type of internal stimulus)

20
Q

What are Dermatomes?

A

Specific regions of the skin that are innervated by a single spinal nerve
(Each SENSORY area of skin corresponds to a specific spinal nerve)

21
Q

Where do Dermatomes originate from?

A

The dermatomyotome of somites. They develop based on the segmentation of the somites during development.

22
Q

In a spinal cord cross-section - what is the layout of the white & grey matter?

A

The white matter is on the outside, the grey matter is on the inside

23
Q

Compare the cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to the ventral horn of the spinal cord

A

Smaller cells in the dorsal horn & larger (motor neurone) cells in the ventral horn

24
Q

Grey matter in the SC can be split into laminae (layers). These are referred to as…

A

Rexed’s laminae

(Often numbered with roman numerals, from dorsal -> ventral)

25
Q

Are the ascending & descending tracts of the SC part of the white or grey matter?

A

White matter

26
Q

Describe the direction of the axons in the ascending and descending tracts of the SC

A

Ascending tracts - axons going UP the spinal cord

Descending tracts - axons going DOWN the spinal cord

27
Q

Give 3 names of ascending tracts in the spinal cord

A
  1. Dorsal columns (aka. Dorsal / posterior funiculus)
  2. Spinocerebellar tracts
  3. Spinothalamic tracts
28
Q

What do the spinocerebellar tracts do?

A

Transmit proprioceptive information from the SC to the cerebellum

29
Q

What are the 2 main spinocerebellar tracts?

A

Dorsal & ventral

30
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining posture, regulating balance

31
Q

What do the spinothalamic tracts do?

A

Carry sensory information (related to pain, temp, touch) from the periphery to the thalamus

32
Q

The spinothalamic tracts are part of which system?

A

The anterolateral system

33
Q

What are the 2 (adjacent) pathways of the spinothalamic tract, and what information do they carry?

A
  1. Anterior spinothalamic tract - carries sensory input about crude touch
  2. Lateral spinothalamic tract - carries information about pain & temperature
34
Q

What are the 3 types of sensory fibres associated with the spinothalamic tract?

A
  1. Type III fibres
  2. Unmyelinated c-fibres
  3. Myelinated A-delta fibres

PHOL0005 - Structure & Function Of The Nervous System (19 decks)

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