the sociology of race

Question 1

some of the discriminations by the US

Answer 1

• three fifths compromise (1789) - Treated slaves as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives and taxation
• Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877: Federal government’s efforts to protect the rights of Black people in the South were stopped
• Jim Crow laws legally allowed to establish a racially segregated society
• Supreme Court upheld these measures with the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896, which ruled that “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional
• The Loving v. Virginia Supreme Court decision in 1967 abolished state laws banning interracial marriage

Question 2

immigration policy stages in the US

Answer 2

• IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924
• 1942 – 1964: Bracero Program
• IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1965
• 2002 Homeland Security Act
• 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
• 2018

Question 3

IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924

Answer 3

• Established 2% immigration quotas per nation of Southern and Eastern Europeans; curtailed immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans
• Asian immigrants not eligible for citizenship

Question 4

1942 – 1964: Bracero Program

Answer 4

Temporary work permits were extended to Mexican workers to fulfill labor shortage needs

Question 5

IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1965

Answer 5

Abolished national quotas; increase in immigration

Question 6

2002 Homeland Security Act

Answer 6

• Newly created Department of Homeland Security took over immigration enforcement
• Border patrols; fence building

Question 7

2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

Answer 7

• Protecting individuals who entered the country illegally as children
• Temporary protections and did not grant permanent status

Question 8

2018 immigration policies

Answer 8

CHILD SEPARATION and a resurgence in immigration restrictions

Question 9

what is the new immigration like in the US

Answer 9

• The proportion of U.S. residents born in another
  country is the highest it has been in recent years
• Immigration has accelerated in each of the past 3 decades, increasingly reaching into parts of the country that previously did not have large immigrant populations

Question 10

contemporary consequence of racial inequality

Answer 10

housing
- Fair Housing Act of 1968: Prohibited discriminations by landlords, owners, financial institutions on basis of race and national origin
- Prior to 1968, redlining of Black neighborhoods by federal government
- Unofficial redlining practices persist: Bank policies and services.
- Racial and ethnic minorities lag in household wealth.