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ARCL 288 > The Skull - Lecture 5 > Flashcards

The Skull - Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the skull? How many paired and how many unpaired?

A
  • there are 28 bones in the skull
  • there are 11 paired bones
  • there are 6 unpaired bones
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2
Q

Name the paired bones of the skull

A
  • the Parietal bones
  • the Temporals
  • the Zygomatic bones
  • the Nasals
  • the Nasal Conchae
  • the Palatines
  • the Lacrimals
  • the Maxillae
  • the Ear bones (Malleus, Incus, Stapes)
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3
Q

Name the unpaired bones of the skull

A
  • the Occipital
  • the Frontal
  • the Sphenoid
  • the Ethmoid
  • the Vomer
  • the Mandible (adult)
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4
Q

Where are the Parietal bones?

A

the sides of the brain case

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5
Q

Where are the Temporal bones?

A

the temples

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6
Q

Where are the Zygomatic bones?

A

the cheeks

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7
Q

Where are the Nasal bones?

A

the bony bridge of your nose

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8
Q

Where are the Nasal Conchae? What does the term Conchae refer to?

A
  • inside the nasal aperture (opening) on the lateral side
  • the term refers to the fact that they are shell shaped
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9
Q

Where are the Palatine bones?

A

they are right behind the maxilla and make up the hard palette of the roof of your mouth

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10
Q

Where are the Lacrimals?

A

inside your eye surrounding the tear duct

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11
Q

Where are the Maxillae?

A
  • the upper jaw just under your nose
  • upper teeth fit in here
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12
Q

Where do the ear bones sit? What do they do?

A
  • inside the temporal bones
  • help support your ear drum
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13
Q

What is the Petrous Pyramid? Where is it?

A

the place in the temporal bones where the ear bones sit

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14
Q

Where is the Occipital bone?

A

the back of your head

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15
Q

Where is the Frontal bone?

A

the front of your head (the forehead)

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16
Q

Where is the Sphenoid bone? What shape is it?

A
  • right under your brain and extends to under the Palatines and a thin area right beside the eye
  • looks like a pterodactyl or stingray
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17
Q

Where is the Ethmoid bone?

A

deep part of the skull that is behind the nose

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18
Q

Where is the Vomer?

A

is your nasal septum that splits the nose into right and left

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19
Q

Where is the Mandible?

A

the lower jaw

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20
Q

What is the ear hole called?

A

External Auditory Meatus (outside ear hole)

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21
Q

What are cranial sutures?

A

a sort of zipper that connects the different cranial bones together

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22
Q

What are the two different kinds of Cranial Sutures? Explain them.

A
  1. Interdigitating: like a zipper
  2. Squamosal: where one is on top of the other (like velcro)
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23
Q

Give an example of an Interdigitating suture.

A

the coronal suture

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24
Q

How many Squamosal sutures are there? Which bones connect with a Squamosal suture?

A
  • two
  • the Squamosal sutures are where the parietal and the temporal bones articulate on either side of the skull
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25
Q

What is the Orbit?

A

the Orbit is what holds the eye

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26
Q

What is the Nasal Aperture?

A

the nose hole

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27
Q

Where is the Coronal suture? What cranial bones does it connect?

A
  • in the middle of the head running transversely and it is where the coronal plane divides the body
  • it is where the frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones
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28
Q

What and where is the Mastoid process?

A

a feature of the temporal bone that is located under the External Auditory Meatus

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29
Q

What and where is the Brow Ridge?

A

a feature of the skull that is where your eyebrows are

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30
Q

What is the nasal?

A

a feature of the skull where the nose is

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31
Q

Name all the Cranial features that can be seen from the Frontal and Lateral views of the skull.

A
  • frontal bone
  • nasal aperture
  • maxilla
  • zygomatic
  • orbit
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • mastoid process
  • external auditory meatus
  • nasal
  • brow ridge
  • coronal suture
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32
Q

Name all the Cranial features that can be seen from the Dorsal (Posterior) and Inferior views of the skull.

A
  • sagittal suture
  • lambdoidal suture
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • external occipital protuberance
  • nuchal area
  • foramen magnum
  • basilar portion of the occipital
  • maxilla
  • vomer
  • occipital condyles
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33
Q

What and where is the Sagittal suture?

A
  • on the Sagittal plane that separates the body into right and left halves
  • connects the right and left parietal bones
  • an interdigitating suture
34
Q

What and where is the Lambdoidal suture?

A
  • an interdigitating suture
  • connects the right and left parietal bones to the occipital bone
35
Q

What and where is the External Occipital Protuberance?

A
  • a feature on the occipital bone
  • a bit of bone that sticks out and is a place for muscle attachments
36
Q

What and where is the Nuchal Area?

A
  • runs out on either side of the External Occipital Protuberance and it looks a bit like a child’s drawing of a bird
  • place for muscle attachments
37
Q

What and where is the Foramen Magnum?

A
  • the hole at the base of the skull where the brain stem goes
38
Q

What and where is the Basilar Portion of the Occipital?

A
  • part of the Occipital and is in front of the Foramen Magnum and connects to the Sphenoid
39
Q

What and where are the Occipital Condyles?

A
  • a raised area that articulates with the first cervical vertebra
40
Q

What is a Condyle?

A

a raised area that articulates with another bone

41
Q

Name all the Cranial features that can be seen inside the skull

A
  • petrous bone (or petrous pyramid)
  • internal occipital protuberance
  • sphenoid
  • internal auditory meatus
  • frontal sinus
  • ethmoid
  • maxillary sinus
42
Q

What and where is the Petrous Bone (or Petrous Pyramid)?

A
  • on the inside of the temporal bone where the auditory ossicles (ear bones) are
  • very dense and is usually one of the only cranial bones to survive being burned
43
Q

What and where is the Internal Occipital Protuberance?

A

a bit of bone that sticks out a bit into the skull

44
Q

What and where is the Internal Auditory Meatus?

A

same place and thing as the External Auditory Meatus just on the inside

45
Q

What and where is the Frontal Sinus?

A
  • just above the nose between the eyebrow area and it is just another space where puss build up can happen
  • not everyone has one
46
Q

What and where is the Maxillary Sinus?

A

it is a space (what sinus is) just above the maxilla

47
Q

What are the tiniest bones in the body?

A

the auditory ossicles (ear bones)

48
Q

What are the Auditory Ossicles?

A

the ear bones

49
Q

How many Auditory Ossicles are there? Name them.

A
  1. Malleus (outermost bone)
  2. Incus (middle)
  3. Stapes (innermost bone)
50
Q

Which of the Auditory Ossicles does the eardrum rest on?

A

the Malleus

51
Q

Name the features of the Mandible.

A
  • mandibular condyle
  • ramus
  • body
  • mental foramen
  • mental protuberance
  • alveolus
52
Q

What and where is the Mandibular Condyle?

A

where the mandible connects with the temporal bone

53
Q

What and where is the Ramus?

A

the upper portion of the jaw

54
Q

What and where is the Mental Foramen?

A

a hole/dimple in the mandible

55
Q

What and where is the Mental Protuberance?

A
  • the very tip of your chin
  • important for sex identification
56
Q

What and where is the Alveolus?

A

the sockets in the mandible where the roots of the teeth are connected

57
Q

What are the different terms used to refer to the skull that are based on its completeness?

A
  1. Skull - whole thing, everything present
  2. Mandible - just the lower jaw
  3. Cranium - skull without lower jaw
  4. Calvaria - cranium without the face (ie just the brain case
  5. Calotte - Calvaria without the base (ie just the top half of the brain case)
  6. Splanchnocranium - just the face
58
Q

What part of the skull is usually found in isolation?

A

the Mandible

59
Q

What is another name for the soft spots on baby’s heads that are a result of the sutures being unossified?

A

Fontanelles

60
Q

What is a Fontanelle?

A
  • the soft spots on baby’s heads
  • the membrane where the bone of the sutures is going to develop
61
Q

How can the fusion of the crania and the appearance of cranial sutures help with age estimation?

A

you can tell if its still in utero, has just been born, or has already been born

62
Q

What is a Bone Ossicle and how does it form? Where are they usually found?

A
  • a “bone island” in a cranial suture grew from within the membrane and not from the sides
  • on the lambdoidal suture though they can be found in any suture
63
Q

How can cranial sutures be individualizing?

A

because they can have crazy and unique patterns that are unique to an individual person or family trait

64
Q

What cranial bone that was originally two completely fuses together?

A

the frontal bone, though sometimes there can be a visible suture

65
Q

What is a metopic suture?

A
  • a suture in the frontal bone that can appear instead of a complete fusion
  • only called this if it is maintained into adulthood
66
Q

What are Meningeal Grooves?

A

lines on the inner side of the parietal bones that are spaces for the blood vessels that run over the meninges of your brain

67
Q

What is a good identifying factor of the Parietal bone? How can it also help you orient it?

A
  • the Meningeal Grooves since they have a very distinct pattern with one long meninge along the coronal suture
  • the large meningeal groove along the coronal suture is at the front of the parietal bone and the rest of the grooves go posteriorly after that
68
Q

What way do the Meningeal Grooves go?

A

they go posteriorly

69
Q

What and where is the Sagittal Sulcus?

A
  • a sulcus is a bit of a dip
  • runs along either side of the sagittal suture
  • where the meningeal grooves begin to disappear
70
Q

What and where is the Sigmoid Sulcus?

A

another bit of a dip that is near the lambdoidal suture

71
Q

What is the Hyoid Bone?

A
  • the bone that supports your tongue and the thyroid cartilage
  • doesn’t touch any other bone
  • not technically a cranial bone but very close
  • very tiny
72
Q

Name all the Cranial Sutures seen in a Lateral view of the cranium.

A
  • Coronal suture
  • Squamosal suture(s)
  • Lambdoid suture
73
Q

Name all the Cranial Sutures seen in a Superior view of the cranium.

A
  • Coronal suture
  • Sagittal suture
74
Q

Name all the Cranial Sutures seen in a Posterior view of the cranium.

A
  • Sagittal suture
  • Lambdoid suture
75
Q

Is the Coronal suture more anterior or posterior?

76
Q

Is the Lambdoidal suture more anterior or posterior?

77
Q

Is the Squamosal suture medial or lateral?

78
Q

Is the Sagittal suture medial or lateral?

79
Q

What is a bone ossicle?

A

a small bone

80
Q

What is another word for a bone ossicle?

A

Wormian bones or accessory bones

81
Q

What kind of bone growth are the cranial bones, cranial sutures, and possible bone ossicles formed by?

A

Intramembranous ossification

ARCL 288 (12 decks)

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