The Skull

Question 1

The skull is composed of several separate bones united at immobile joints called __________.

Answer 1

Sutures

Question 2

The connective tissue between the bones is called the __________.

The mandible is the exception to the rule: it is attached to the skull via the mobile _________.

Answer 2

Sutural Ligament

Temporomandibular Joint

Question 3

The bones of the skull are made up of external and internal tables of compact bone separated by a layer of spongy bone called __________.

The _______ table is thinner and more brittle than the ______ table.

Answer 3

Diploe
Internal
External

Question 4

The bones of the skull are covered on the outer and inner surfaces by ______.

Answer 4

Periosteum

Question 5

Coronal Section of Upper Part of the Head:

S-
C-
A-
L-
P-

Answer 5

Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium (Periosteum)

Question 6

__________ means star shaped.

Answer 6

Asterion

Question 7

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal and parietal bones; overlies course of anterior division of middle meningeal artery.

Answer 7

Landmark:

Pterion (G.wing)

Question 8

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Point on calvaria at junction of lamboid and sagittal sutures.

Answer 8

Landmark:

Lambda (G. The letter L)

Question 9

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Point on calvaria at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures.

Answer 9

Landmark:

Bregma (G. Forepart of Head)

Question 10

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Superior point of neurocranium, in middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane.

Answer 10

Landmark:

Vertex (L. Whirl, whorl)

Question 11

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Star Shaped; located at junction of three sutures: parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, lambdoid.

Answer 11

Landmark:

Asterion (G. Asterios, starry)

Question 12

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Smooth prominence; most marked in males; on frontal bones superior to root of nose; most anterior projecting part of forehead.

Answer 12

Landmark:

Glabella (L. Smooth, hairless)

Question 13

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

Answer 13

Landmark:

Inion (G. Back of head)

Question 14

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Point on cranium where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet.

Answer 14

Landmark:

Nasion (L.nose)

Question 15

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Nasal emissary vein (1% of population)

Answer 15

Foramina/Apertures:

Foramen cecum

Question 16

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves

Answer 16

Foramina/Apertures:

Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate

Question 17

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Vessels and nerves with same names

Answer 17

Foramina/Apertures:

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

Question 18

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Optic Nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

Answer 18

Foramina/Apertures:

Optic canals

Question 19

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Ophthalmic veins; ophthalmic nerve (CN V1); CN III,IV,and V; and sympathetic fibers

Answer 19

Foramina/Apertures:

Superior Orbital Fissure

Question 20

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents:

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Answer 20

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen rotundum

Question 21

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Maxillary nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

Answer 21

Foramina/Apertures:

Foramen ovale

Question 22

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3

Answer 22

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen spinosum

Question 23

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins

Answer 23

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen lacerum

*The internal carotid artery and its accompanying sympathetic and venous plexuses actually pass horizontally across (rather than vertically through) the area of the foramen lacerum, an artifact of dry crania, which is closed by cartilage in life.

Question 24

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery

Answer 24

Foramina/Aperture

Groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve

Question 25

Table 7.2 Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents Medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI, Dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Answer 25

Foramina/Apertures Foramen magnum

Question 26

Table 7.2 Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents CN IX, X, and XI, superior bulb of internal jugular vein; inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses; and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

Answer 26

Foramina/Apertures Jugular foramen

Question 27

Table 7.2 Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

Answer 27

Foramina/Apertures Hypoglossal canal

Question 28

Table 7.2 Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

Answer 28

Foramina/Apertures Condylar canal

Question 29

Table 7.2 Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery

Answer 29

Foramina/Apertures Mastoid foramen

Question 30

Clinical Correlate: Fractures of the Skull The type of fracture that occurs in the skull depends heavily on the ______ of the patient, the ______ of the blow, and the _______of the skull.

Answer 30

Age, severity, area

Question 31

Fractures of the skull: A severe, localized blow produces a ________, often accompanied by ________ of the bone.

Answer 31

Local indentation | Splintering

Question 32

Fractures of the skull: Blows to the vault (top of head) often result in a series of _______ fractures, which ___________ through the thin areas of bone.

Answer 32

Linear | Radiate out

Question 33

Fractures of the skull: The petrous (thick) parts of the temporal bones and occipital crests strongly reinforce the base of the skull and tend to _________________.

Answer 33

Deflect linear fractures

Question 34

The adult skull can be compared to an ______ whereas in the young child, the skull and be likened to a ___________, in that a localized blow produces a depression without splintering. This common type of fracture is called a _______ fracture.

Answer 34

Egg Ping-Pong Ball Pond

Question 35

Fractures of the Anterior Cranial Fossa: In fractures of the anterior cranial fossa, the cribiform plate of the _______ bone may be damaged. The patient will have bleeding from the nose (____) and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose (____).

Answer 35

Ethmoid Epistaxis Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

Question 36

Fractures of the Anterior Cranial Fossa: Fractures involving the orbital plate of the frontal bone result in hemorrhage beneath the conjunctiva and into the orbital cavity, causing __________.

Answer 36

Exophtalmos

Question 37

Fractures of the _____ _____ _____ are common because this is the weakest part of the base of the skull.

Answer 37

Middle cranial fossa

Question 38

Weakness of the middle cranial fossa is caused by the presence of _______.

Answer 38

Numerous foramina and canals in this region.

Question 39

In fractures of the ________ ________ __________, blood may escape into the nape of the neck deep into the postvertebral muscles. Days later, it can track between muscles and appear in the ______________ ______, close to the mastoid process.

Answer 39

Posterior cranial fossa | Posterior triangle

Question 40

__________: noise or crunching sound

Answer 40

Crepitation

Question 41

_________: misaligned teeth

Answer 41

Malocclusion

Question 42

The muscles of the face are thin and weak and therefore cause little displacement of the bone fragments. The exception is a fractured _________.

Answer 42

Mandible

Question 43

Le Fort Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures: Le Fort I fractures look like:

Answer 43

A mustache across upper lip...

Question 44

Le Fort Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures: Le Fort II fractures look like...

Answer 44

A ^ (upside down V) over top your nose

Question 45

Le Fort Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures: Le Fort III fractures look like....

Answer 45

A 'W' overtop of your eyes....