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Anatomy (III) AKM > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

The skull is composed of several separate bones united at immobile joints called __________.

A

Sutures

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2
Q

The connective tissue between the bones is called the __________.

The mandible is the exception to the rule: it is attached to the skull via the mobile _________.

A

Sutural Ligament

Temporomandibular Joint

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3
Q

The bones of the skull are made up of external and internal tables of compact bone separated by a layer of spongy bone called __________.

The _______ table is thinner and more brittle than the ______ table.

A

Diploe
Internal
External

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4
Q

The bones of the skull are covered on the outer and inner surfaces by ______.

A

Periosteum

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5
Q

Coronal Section of Upper Part of the Head:

S-
C-
A-
L-
P-
A 
Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium (Periosteum)
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6
Q

__________ means star shaped.

A

Asterion

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7
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Junction of greater wing of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal and parietal bones; overlies course of anterior division of middle meningeal artery.

A

Landmark:

Pterion (G.wing)

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8
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Point on calvaria at junction of lamboid and sagittal sutures.

A

Landmark:

Lambda (G. The letter L)

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9
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Point on calvaria at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures.

A

Landmark:

Bregma (G. Forepart of Head)

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10
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Superior point of neurocranium, in middle with cranium oriented in anatomical plane.

A

Landmark:

Vertex (L. Whirl, whorl)

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11
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Star Shaped; located at junction of three sutures: parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, lambdoid.

A

Landmark:

Asterion (G. Asterios, starry)

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12
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Smooth prominence; most marked in males; on frontal bones superior to root of nose; most anterior projecting part of forehead.

A

Landmark:

Glabella (L. Smooth, hairless)

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13
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

A

Landmark:

Inion (G. Back of head)

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14
Q

Table 7.1 - Craniometric Points of Cranium

Shape and Location:
Point on cranium where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet.

A

Landmark:

Nasion (L.nose)

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15
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Nasal emissary vein (1% of population)

A

Foramina/Apertures:

Foramen cecum

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16
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves

A

Foramina/Apertures:

Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate

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17
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Vessels and nerves with same names

A

Foramina/Apertures:

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

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18
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Optic Nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

A

Foramina/Apertures:

Optic canals

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19
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Ophthalmic veins; ophthalmic nerve (CN V1); CN III,IV,and V; and sympathetic fibers

A

Foramina/Apertures:

Superior Orbital Fissure

20
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents:

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

A

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen rotundum

21
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Maxillary nerve (CN V3) and accessory meningeal artery

A

Foramina/Apertures:

Foramen ovale

22
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3

A

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen spinosum

23
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins

A

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen lacerum

*The internal carotid artery and its accompanying sympathetic and venous plexuses actually pass horizontally across (rather than vertically through) the area of the foramen lacerum, an artifact of dry crania, which is closed by cartilage in life.

24
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery

A

Foramina/Aperture

Groove or hiatus of greater petrosal nerve

25
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI, Dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

A

Foramina/Apertures

Foramen magnum

26
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

CN IX, X, and XI, superior bulb of internal jugular vein; inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses; and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

A

Foramina/Apertures

Jugular foramen

27
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

A

Foramina/Apertures

Hypoglossal canal

28
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck

A

Foramina/Apertures

Condylar canal

29
Q

Table 7.2
Foramina and other Apertures of Cranial Fossae and Contents

Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery

A

Foramina/Apertures

Mastoid foramen

30
Q

Clinical Correlate: Fractures of the Skull

The type of fracture that occurs in the skull depends heavily on the ______ of the patient, the ______ of the blow, and the _______of the skull.

A

Age, severity, area

31
Q

Fractures of the skull:

A severe, localized blow produces a ________, often accompanied by ________ of the bone.

A

Local indentation

Splintering

32
Q

Fractures of the skull:

Blows to the vault (top of head) often result in a series of _______ fractures, which ___________ through the thin areas of bone.

A

Linear

Radiate out

33
Q

Fractures of the skull:

The petrous (thick) parts of the temporal bones and occipital crests strongly reinforce the base of the skull and tend to _________________.

A

Deflect linear fractures

34
Q

The adult skull can be compared to an ______ whereas in the young child, the skull and be likened to a ___________, in that a localized blow produces a depression without splintering. This common type of fracture is called a _______ fracture.

A

Egg
Ping-Pong Ball
Pond

35
Q

Fractures of the Anterior Cranial Fossa:

In fractures of the anterior cranial fossa, the cribiform plate of the _______ bone may be damaged.
The patient will have bleeding from the nose (____) and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the nose (____).

A

Ethmoid
Epistaxis
Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea

36
Q

Fractures of the Anterior Cranial Fossa:

Fractures involving the orbital plate of the frontal bone result in hemorrhage beneath the conjunctiva and into the orbital cavity, causing __________.

A

Exophtalmos

37
Q

Fractures of the _____ _____ _____ are common because this is the weakest part of the base of the skull.

A

Middle cranial fossa

38
Q

Weakness of the middle cranial fossa is caused by the presence of _______.

A

Numerous foramina and canals in this region.

39
Q

In fractures of the ________ ________ __________, blood may escape into the nape of the neck deep into the postvertebral muscles.

Days later, it can track between muscles and appear in the ______________ ______, close to the mastoid process.

A

Posterior cranial fossa

Posterior triangle

40
Q

__________: noise or crunching sound

A

Crepitation

41
Q

_________: misaligned teeth

A

Malocclusion

42
Q

The muscles of the face are thin and weak and therefore cause little displacement of the bone fragments. The exception is a fractured _________.

A

Mandible

43
Q

Le Fort Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures:

Le Fort I fractures look like:

A

A mustache across upper lip…

44
Q

Le Fort Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures:

Le Fort II fractures look like…

A

A ^ (upside down V) over top your nose

45
Q

Le Fort Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures:

Le Fort III fractures look like….

A

A ‘W’ overtop of your eyes….

Anatomy (III) AKM (12 decks)

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