Orbit And Eye Flashcards
The orbits are a pair of bony cavities that contain the following: (6 items)
Eyeballs EOMs Nerves Blood Vessels Fat Lacrimal gland
The orbit is a _______ shaped cavity with its base in the front and its apex behind.
Pyramidal
Roof of the orbit:
Orbital plate of the frontal bone
Lateral Wall of the Orbit:
Formed by the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid
Floor of the Orbit:
Formed by the orbital plate of the maxilla, which separates the orbital cavity from the maxillary sinus.
Medial Wall of the Orbit:
Formed by the frontal process of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of the ethmoid, and the body of the sphenoid.
The _______ protect the eye from injury and excessive light.
Eyelids
The ______ eyelid is larger and more mobile than the ______ eyelid.
Upper
Lower
Both eyelids meet each other at the ______ and _______ angles.
Medial and lateral
The _______ ________ is the opening between the eyelids and the entrance into the conjunctival sac.
Palpebral fissure
The superficial surface of the eyelids is covered by skin, while the deep surface is covered by a mucous membrane called the ________.
Conjunctiva
Eyelashes are arranged in _______ or _________ rows at the ________ __________.
Double or triple
Mucocutaneous junction
________ glands are modified sebaceous glands that open into the margin of the eyelid behind the eyelashes.
Tarsal
_________ glands secrete an oily substance which prevents the overflow of tears.
Tarsal
The _________ is a thin mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and is reflected at the superior and inferior fornices onto the anterior surface of the eyeball.
Conjunctiva
The epithelium of the conjunctiva is continuous with that of the ________.
Cornea
The conjunctiva forms a potential space, the _____ _____, which opens at the ______ _______.
Conjunctival sac
Palpebral fissure
The eyelids are supported by a fibrous sheet called the ______ ______.
Orbital septum
The _______ is attached to the periosteum at the orbital margins.
Septum
The orbital margins are thickened to form the _______ _________.
Tarsal plates
The tarsal glands are embedded in the _______ _______.
Tarsal plates
The _________ gland consists of a large orbital part and a small palpebral part, which are continuous with each other.
Lacrimal
The lacrimal gland is located above the eyeball in the upper lateral and anterior aspect of the orbit. True or False?
True.
The lacrimal gland’s ___ ducts open into the lateral part of the superior fornix of the conjunctiva.
12
The ______ ________ __________ of the lacrimal gland comes from fibers derived from the lacrimal nucleus of the facial nerve.
Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation
The orbit contains a LOT, and a LOT of ______.
Fat.
The preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland comes from fibers derived from the lacrimal nucleus of the facial nerve.
These fibers reach the ______ _______ via the greater petrosal nerve and nerve of the pterygoid canal.
Pterygopalatine ganglion
The preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland comes from fibers derived from the lacrimal nucleus of the facial nerve.
These fibers reach the pterygopalatine ganglion via the greater ________ nerve and nerve of the _________ canal.
Petrosal
Pterygoid
In an X-ray of the orbit, the fat appears _______ and muscles and nerves appear _________.
White
Dark
The _____ _____ ____ leave the ganglion and join branches of V2 (the zygomatic nerve and zygomaticotemporal nerve).
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
The ______ ______ reach the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve.
Postganglionic fibers
The ______ _______ _________ is from the internal carotid plexus
Sympathetic postganglionic supply
When you hear palpebral, think ____ _____.
Eye lids
The sympathetic postganglionic supply is from the _____ ______ _______.
Internal carotid plexus
Glands that open up into the eyelash follicles are called ______ glands.
Sebaceous
The ______ ______ _______ join the deep petrosal nerve, the nerve of the pterygoid canal, the zygomatic nerve, and the lacrimal nerve.
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Lacks Lacrimalis means…..
Lake of tears
The tears circulate across the cornea and accumulate in the ______ _________.
Lacks lacrimalis
Tears enter the ______ _________ through the lacrimal punctum.
Lacrimal canaliculi
Tears enter the lacrimal canaliculi through the _____ _______.
Lacrimal punctum
The nasolacrimal duct starts at the lower end of the lacrimal sac and descends downward in a bony canal and opens in the ______ ______ of the nose.
Inferior meatus
The ______ nerve enters the orbit by passing through the optic canal. It is accompanied by the ______ ______.
Optic
Ophthalmic artery
The optic nerve is surrounded by meningeal sheaths of _____ ______, ________, and _____ _______.
Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura mater
_______ ________ is contained within the subarachnoid space around the nerve, so any rise in pressure within the cranial cavity is transmitted to the back of the eyeball.
Cerebrospinal fluid
The ophthalmic division of the _________ nerve enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.
It divides into 3 branches: ______,_______, and ________ nerves.
The ______ nerve divides into the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves that supply the skin of the forehead and the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus.
Trigeminal
Frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary
Frontal
The _________ nerve passes forward along the upper border of the lateral rictus muscle.
It is joined by a branch of the ________ nerve, which later leaves to enter the lacrimal gland (parasympathetic fibers).
Lacrimal nerve
Zygomaticotemporal
The ________ nerve isn’t really a “nerve.” It is more of an outgrowth or tract of the brain.
Optic
The _______ nerve ends in the skins of the lateral part of the upper eyelid.
Lacrimal
The ________ nerve enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure.
Oculomotor
Papilledema means:
Swelling of the optic disc that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
There are ___ divisions of the oculomotor nerve.
2
The 2 divisions of the oculomotor nerve are the _______ and ______ branch.
Superior and inferior
The ______ branch of the oculomotor nerve supplies the superior rictus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles.
Superior
The ______ branch of the oculomotor nerve supplies the inferior rictus, the medial rectus, and the inferior oblique muscles.
Inferior.
The nerve to the inferior oblique gives off a branch to the cilliary ganglion, which carries ________ fibers to the sphincter papillae and the ciliary muscle.
Parasympathetic
The ______ nerve enters the orbit via the upper part of the superior orbital fissure.
Trochlear.
The ________ nerve enters the orbit through the lower part of the superior orbital fissure.
Abducens (abducent) nerve
The __________ nerve crosses above the optic nerve, runs forward along the upper margin of the medial rectus muscle, and ends by dividing into the anterior ethmoidal and infratrochlear nerves.
Nasociliary
The branches of the nasociliary nerve are:
The communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion containing sensory fibers
The long ciliary nerves containing sympathetic fibers destined for the dilator papillae muscle.
These nerves pierce the sclera of the eyeball
The ______ _______ nerve supplies the ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses.
Posterior ethmoidal
“Trochlea” means _____.
Pulley
The _________ nerve passes forward below the pulley of the superior oblique muscle, supplies the medial part of the upper eyelid and the adjacent part of the nose.
Infratrochlear
THe ________ ___________ nerve passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen and enters the anterior cranial fossa. It enters the nasal cavity where it supplies part of the mucosa. It emerges on the face as the external nasal branch to supply the nose as far down as the tip.
Anterior ethmoidal
The _________ artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery.
Ophthalmic artery
The ________ _________ of the retina runs within the optic nerve and enters the eyeball at the center of the optic disc.
Central artery
The ________ arteries are divided into the anterior and posterior groups. The anterior group enters the eyeball near the corners learn junction, the posterior group enters near the optic nerve.
Ciliary
The _____ ______ ______ communicates in front with the facial vein.
Superior ophthalmic vein
The _____ _____ _______ communicates through the inferior orbital fissure with the pterygoid venous plexus.
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Both the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins pass backward through the _____ ______ ______ and drain into the ___________ sinus.
Superior orbital fissure
Cavernous
The _______ ________ is a parasympathetic ganglion about the size of a pinhead.
Ciliary ganglion
There are ___ voluntary muscles that run from the posterior wall of the orbit to the eyeball.
6
Name the 6 EOMs.
Inf/Sup rectus
Medial/lateral rectus
Inf/sup oblique
Postganglionic=________
Postsynaptic (means same thing)
________ ________ nerve fibers dilate the pupil.
Postganglionic sympathetic
Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers will ______ the pupi via the _______ _________.
Shrink
Sphincter pupillae
____________ stimulation causes ciliary muscle to contract.
Parasympathetic
In the absence of nerve stimulation, the ciliary muscle is _______.
Relaxed
