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Dermatology > The skin and systemic disease > Flashcards

The skin and systemic disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of diabetes?

A

Granuloma annulare

Necrobiosis lipoidica

Fungal and bacterial infections

Leg ulcers

Diabetic dermopathy

Acanthosis Nigricans

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2
Q

Who does granuloma annulare most commonly affect?

A

Diabetics who are:

children

and

young adults

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of granuloma annulare?

A

Mainly only the cosmetic appearance

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4
Q

Where are granuloma annulare generally found?

A

Extremities - hands and feet

there can be multiple lesions

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5
Q

Where are necrobiosis lipoidica lesions generally found?

A

The shin (there can be multiple lesions)

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6
Q

What is a particular issue with necrobiosis lipoidica?

A

They ulcerate after minor trauma

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7
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease?

A

Graves’ disease causes pretibial myxoedema

Diffuse hair loss

Thyroid acropachy

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8
Q

What type of thyroid disease is graves?

A

hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

What causes pretibial myxoedema?

A

mucin deposition which results in waxy

indurated plaques and nodules

which are normally on the lower legs of feet

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10
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A

butterfly / malar rash

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11
Q

Which type of SLE does the butterfly / malar rash occur in?

A

Acute SLE

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12
Q

Where do the malar rashes of SLE occur?

A

On sun-exposed sites

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13
Q

Are the butterfly/malar rashes of SLE scarring?

A

Not usually scarring

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14
Q

What antibodies is SLE often associated with?

A

anti-dsDNA

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15
Q

Name the cutaneous manifestations of internal cancers.

A

acanthosis nigricans

acquired ichthyosis

pyoderma gangrenosum

dermatomyositis

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16
Q

What is the cause of dermatomyositis?

A

Presumed to be autoimmune

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17
Q

What are the two forms of dermatomyositis?

A

Juvenile

Adult

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18
Q

Which of the types of dermatomyositis is associated with malignancy?

A

Adult dermatomyositis

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19
Q

What are the manifestations of dermatomyositis?

A

proximal muscle weakness

characteristic skin eruption

nail fold changes

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20
Q

Which cancers are associated with adult dermatomyositis? (how much increased risk)

A

Ovarian

Breast

Lung

Colorectal

(30% increase in risk)

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21
Q

What are the two types of acanthosis nigrans?

A

1) associated with DM

2) associated with malignancy

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22
Q

Which types of malignancy is acanthosis nigrans associated with?

A

adenocarcinoma of the stomach and GI tract

23
Q

Which of the two types of acanthosis nigrans has a quicker onset?

A

acanthosis nigrans associated with malignancy

24
Q

Describe the course of pyoderma gangrenosum.

A

uncommon

chronic

recurrent

ulcerative condition

25
Q

What signs are most types of pyoderma gangrenosum associated with?

A

fever

signs of toxicity

26
Q

What conditions are associated with pyoderma gangrenosum? (what proportion of patients will have one of these diseases)

A

(60% will have one of the following)

Inflammatory bowel disease:
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease

Arthritis:
RA
seronegative

Haematological malignancies:
Myeloma
Leukaemia

27
Q

Which condition is most commonly associated with pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease:

Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease

28
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

panniculitis meaning inflammation of the fat layer

29
Q

Who is erythema nodosum most common in?

A

younger women

30
Q

What signs and symptoms is erythema nodosum associated with?

A

general malaise

fever

joint pains

31
Q

How long usually is the course of erthema nodosum?

A

2-4 weeks

32
Q

What is thought to be the cause of erythema nodosum?

A

a delayed hypersensitivity response

to a variety of antigenic stimuli

33
Q

What are the groups of causes that cause erythema nodosum?

A

Idiopathic

Infections (mainly URTI)

Drugs

Sarcoidosis

Inflammatory bowel disease (UC+Crohn’s)

34
Q

What are the infectious causes of erythema nodosum?

A

(mainly URTI)

Streptococcus

TB

35
Q

What are the medications that can cause erythema nodosum?

A

Sulphonamides

COC

36
Q

What are the causes of cutaneous vasculitis?

A

Infections

Drugs

Connective tissue disease

Neoplasms

37
Q

How does Henoch-Schonlein purpura/vasculitis present?

A

palpable purpuric lesions on limbs and buttocks

38
Q

What are purpura?

A

purple or brownish-red spots

on the skin or mucous membranes

caused by the extravasation of blood

39
Q

What infection Henoch-Schonlein purpura/vasculitis frequently associated with?

A

respiratory tract infections

40
Q

Who Henoch-Schonlein purpura common in and why is this an issue?

A

Common in children,

a risk as it is more likely to have systemic symptoms in children

41
Q

What systemic symptoms is Henoch-Schonlein purpura associated with?

A

Arthralgia + arthritis

Haematuria and abdominal pain

Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure

42
Q

How is Henoch-Schonlein vasculitis diagnosed?

A

immunofluorescence to identify:

IgA immune deposits

43
Q

What skin eruptions are associated with drug reactions?

A

urticaria

erythema multiforme

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

toxic epidermal necrolysis

44
Q

Typically how long does it take for skin eruptions to occur after taking a drug?

A

1-3 weeks

45
Q

What is the typical prodrome of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)?

A

fever

upper respiratory tract symptoms

46
Q

How long is the course of SJS typically?

A

3 weeks

47
Q

What are the categories of causes of SJS?

A

Infection

Drugs

Idiopathic

48
Q

What are the typical infectious causes of SJS?

A

Mycoplasma

Herpes simplex

49
Q

What is the mortality of toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN)?

A

35% mortality

50
Q

What are the typical causes of TEN?

A

NSAIDs

antibiotics

antiepileptics

51
Q

What should the management of skin failure entail?

A

Withdraw the offending drug

Supportive care –> Burns unit/ITU

Careful wound care:

Hydration
Nutritional support

52
Q

What is thyroid acropachy?

A

soft-tissue swelling of the hands and clubbing of the fingers

53
Q

Which cause of vasculitis maybe associated with ASLO?

A

SLE

Dermatology (11 decks)

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