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Dermatology > Bacterial and viral infections > Flashcards

Bacterial and viral infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Is staphylococcus aureus pathogenic?

A

It is often pathogenic, but can

inhabit the inner nose as a

symptomless resevoir.

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2
Q

Is streptococcus pyogenes pathogenic?

A

It’s always pathogenic

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3
Q

Name the different skin conditions that can be caused by S.aureus and S.pyogenes.

A

Impetigo

erysipelas

cellulitis

folliculitis

ecthyma

staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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4
Q

Name the different skin conditions that are 2ry to skin infection.

A

erythema nodosum

erythema multiforme

vasculitis

necrotising fasciitis

cold sore (herpes simplex)

eczema

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5
Q

Who is impetigo common in?

A

Young children

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6
Q

Which organisms often cause impetigo?

A

staphylococcus aureus and

streptococcus pyogenes

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7
Q

What is the Ix/Mx for impetigo?

A

Swap and culture

Topical antiseptics/biotics (systemic if severe)

Soak off curst with soap and water (as full of bacteria)

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8
Q

Who is ecthyma common in?

A

Diabetics

Immunosuppressed

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9
Q

What is the resolution of ecthyma like?

A

Tends to leave a scar

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10
Q

How is ecthyma treated?

A

Long course (2-4 weeks) of

oral antibiotics

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11
Q

Which layers of the skin does impetigo infect?

A

The epidermis

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12
Q

What layer of skin does ecythma infect and what is it linked to?

A

Linked to impetigo but extends from epidermis to dermis

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13
Q

Which layers of the skin are infected in cellulitis?

A

deeper dermis as well as

the subcutaneous tissues

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14
Q

What layers of the skin does erysipelas infect and what is it linked to?

A

It is linked to cellultis

It is infection of the upper dermis

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15
Q

What generally are the causes of cellulitis?

A

by staphylococcal or

streptococcal disease

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16
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

A

systemic antibiotics

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17
Q

What is a common port of entry for cellulitis?

A

Tinea pedis (which is treatable)

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18
Q

How can you distinguish erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

Erisipelas is more superficial and

has more defined edges

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19
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome caused by?

A

staphylococcal toxins

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20
Q

What is the treatment for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Find source of infection

I.V. antibiotics

Supportive care:

1) Fluids
2) Analgesia
3) Liberal emollients

21
Q

What are the common causes of erythema nodosum?

A

Streptococcal infection (type IV delayed hypersensitivity response to numerous antigens)

Sarcoidosis

IBD

22
Q

What is the treatment for erythema nodosum?

A

Treat any underlying condition

NSAIDs

23
Q

How is erthema multiforme treated?

A

Remove trigger such as:

HSV

Streptococcus

Meds

and it will settle within 2 weeks

24
Q

What is the treatment for vasculitis?

A

screening for extra-cutaneous disease and

treatment of the underlying problem

25
Q

Other than a rash what symptoms occur in necrotising fasciitis?

A

Pyrexia

Pain in affected area

26
Q

What speed is the progression of the rash in necrotising fasciitis?

A

rapid progression

27
Q

What is the treatment for necrotising fasciitis?

A

Life-threatening - thus surgical debridement required

28
Q

Which conditions can be caused by hypersensitivity to streptococcal antigens?

A

Erythema nodosum

erythema multiforme

guttate psoriasis

vasculitis

glomerulonephritis

29
Q

What does HSV cause?

A

Cold sores and gential herpes

30
Q

What are the lesions caused by HSV called (on the face)?

A

Vesicles

31
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores?

A

Topical of systemic acyclovir

32
Q

What areas of the lip will be infected by HSV?

A

It will affect the same part of a single pt repeatedly

33
Q

What is the treatment for eczema herpeticum?

A

systemic aciclovir

treat the eczema with topical steroids

34
Q

How is varicella zoster virus transmitted and how long does it incubated for?

A

Respiratory droplets

Incubation period of 14-17 days

35
Q

How long is a patient with varicella zoster virus infection (chicken pox) infectious for?

A

2 days before eruption

to a week after onset of eruption

36
Q

What is the risk of adults have chickenpox?

A

Much higher risk of

internal organ involvement

37
Q

What is the risk of shingles of the nasal tip?

A

involvement of the

naso-ciliary nerve (a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1))

is likely to cause ocular disease

which may be sight-threatening

38
Q

What causes shingles?

A

reactivation of varicella zoster virus (a.k.a. herpes zoster)

39
Q

What is the risk of herpes zoster around the external auditory meatus?

A

May indicate Ramsay Hunt syndrome,

should have associated:

facial palsy

deafness

vertigo

40
Q

What are the risks of shingles infection?

A

Nasal tip - naso-ciliary nerve involvement + subsequent sight loss

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

Post-herpetic neuralgia

2ry bacterial infection

Encephalitis

41
Q

What is the treatment of shingles?

A

Must treat before vesicles have stopped forming or its too late.

Treatment is aciclovir

42
Q

Where does the varicella zoster virus lay dormant from chickenpox to cause shingles?

A

The dorsal route ganglion

43
Q

Which type of HPV warts are very resistant to treatment?

A

Mosaic warts

44
Q

What is the treatment for HPV warts?

A

cryotherapy or

curettage

(should eventually spontaneously resolve)

45
Q

What are the typical lesions of molluscum contagiosum like?

A

Umbilicated papules

46
Q

What are the symptoms associated with the umbilicated papules of molluscum contagiosum?

A

They are asymptomatic

47
Q

What is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

Generally no treatment is required

48
Q

Who does molluscum contagiosum commonly occur in and who is it worse in?

A

Common in children

Worse in atopics

Dermatology (11 decks)

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