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Dermatology > Non-melanoma skin cancers and benign skin tumours > Flashcards

Non-melanoma skin cancers and benign skin tumours Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are solar keratoses also known as?

A

Actinic keratosis

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2
Q

What are the features of a solar keratotic lesion?

A

Dysplasia

Keratosis

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3
Q

How common are solar keratoses?

A

Very common,

1 in 5 over 60yrs

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4
Q

What is the risk with solar keratoses?

A

May progress to SCC. less than 1 in 1000

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5
Q

What does a squamous cell carcinoma in situ not cross into?

A

The dermis

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6
Q

What does non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) refer to?

A

SCC

BCC

and some other less common skin cancers

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7
Q

Where is the basal layer?

A

The layer of epidermis adjacent to the border with the dermis

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8
Q

What % of NMSCs are basal cell carcinomas?

A

80%

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9
Q

What are the subtypes of BCC’s?

A

Nodular

Superficial

Morpheic/sclerosing

Pigmented

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10
Q

What is a morphoeic BCC also known as?

A

sclerosing BCC

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11
Q

Which is more common: melanoma or NMSC?

A

NMSC

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12
Q

What is the metastatic potential of BCC’s?

A

Low, but locally invade

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13
Q

How fast do BCC’s grow?

A

Fairly slowly (takes months to years before diagnosed usually)

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14
Q

What are the symptoms associated with BCC’s?

A

They are usually asymptomatic

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15
Q

Which parts of the body are BCC’s able to occur on?

A

Any part (more common on face or trunk)

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16
Q

What are the classical signs of a BCC?

A

Pearly white rolled edges

Telangectasia

Sunken or ulcerated

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17
Q

What is a common site for BCCs and SCCs to arise?

A

Sites of chronic inflammation,

wounds,

scars

18
Q

Which subtype of BCC has the greatest risk of recurrence?

A

Morphoeic BCC

19
Q

What % of non-melanoma skin cancers are squamous cell carcinomas?

A

20%

20
Q

Do squamous cell carcinomas metastasize?

A

Yes, to regional lymph nodes first

21
Q

What is the 5-year survival survival for SCCs?

A

No mets - 85%

w/mets - 25%

22
Q

Which lesions clinically mimic SCC’s?

A

keratoacanthoma’s

23
Q

Which genetic syndrome can predispose you to BCCs?

A

Gorlin’s syndrome

24
Q

What type of viral infection can predispose to SCCs?

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

25
Q

What margin should be used for BCC surgical excision?

A

≥4mm and as deep as subcutaneous fat

26
Q

What is Mohs’ micrographic surgery?

A

When during surgery slices of tissues are examined histologically to guide further surgery

27
Q

What are the treatment options for BCC’s?

A

Simple surgical excision

Mohs’ micrographic surgery

Radiotherapy

Imiquimod

Photodynamic therapy

28
Q

What is imiquimod?

A

topical immune-response modulator used in the treatment of low risk BCCs

29
Q

What is Efudix?

A

5-fluorouracil cream

30
Q

What is diclofenac gel?

A

diclofenac is an NSAID

diclofenac gel is used in actinic keratoses treatment

31
Q

What are the precursors to SCC?

A

Actinic keratosis

Intraepidermal carcinoma (aka SCC in-situ)

32
Q

What layer of cells do SCCs, actinic keratosis and intra-epidermal carcinoma all originate from?

A

Prickle cell layer

33
Q

What clinical technique is there to aid diagnosis of BCCs?

A

Gentle stretch the skin and the pearly white rolled edges will be more obvious

34
Q

Are mucosal or cutaneous SCC’s more likely to metastasise?

A

Mucosal SCCs

35
Q

What are the treatment options for SCC’s?

A

Simple surgical excision

Mohs’ micrographic surgery

Radiotherapy

36
Q

What is the treatment for actinic/solar keratosis?

A

Cryotherapy
Curettage and cautery

5-fluorouracil cream (Efudix)
Diclofenac gel (Solaraze)
Imiquimod

Photodynamic therapy

37
Q

What is Bowen’s disease also known as?

A

SCC in-situ, intraepidermal carcinoma

38
Q

What is the treatment of SCC in-situ?

A

Same as for actinic/solar keratosis:

Cryotherapy
Curettage and cautery

5-fluorouracil cream (Efudix)
Diclofenac gel (Solaraze)
Imiquimod

Photodynamic therapy

39
Q

What is a cutaneous horn made of?

A

Compacted keratin

40
Q

What maybe at the base of a cutaneous horn?

A

actinic/solar keratosis

SCC in-situ

SCC

41
Q

What is the management for a cutaneous horn?

A

Excision

Dermatology (11 decks)

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