The Skeleton Bones

Question 1

4 Main functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

Protection
Support and Posture
Storage of minerals and ions
Production of blood cells

Question 2

Compact Bone

Answer 2

Found around edges of the bone and resists compression
Due to structure its only strong in one direction
Formed of osteons and hervicion canal

Question 3

Trabecular Bone

Answer 3

Found in the middle of the bone
Honeycomb structure made of struts and links so resist compression in any direction
But not as strong as compact bone

Question 4

The Typical Long Bone

Answer 4

Contains a blood vessel to allow nutrients and oxygen to enter
Epiphyseal line shows growth of the one and can be used to determine age.

Question 5

Epiphyseal Line

Answer 5

Shows growth of the bone and can e used to determine age of the patient

Question 6

Endochondrial Growth

Answer 6

a model where bone replaces existing cartilage

Question 7

Intramembranous Growth

Answer 7

a model where one develops directly from fires connective tissue, found in the skull and clavicle

Question 8

Endochondrial Ossification 1

Answer 8

Bone begins as cartilage and chondrocytes produce and maintain a collagen matrix

Question 9

Endochondrial Ossification 2

Answer 9

The chondrocytes increase in size and the matrix calcifies around them, due to calcium deposits nutrients and oxygen can’t diffuse into the cell so they die by apoptosis

Question 10

Endochondrial Ossification 3

Answer 10

Blood vessels grow in the perichondrium and cells in the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts.
These form bone around the cartilage shaft forming the periosteum.

Question 11

Endochondrial Ossification 4

Answer 11

Blood vessels and fibroblasts migrate into the cartilage and fibroblasts differentiate into osteoblasts. The cartilage breaks down forming trabecular bone, this becomes the primary ossification centre.

Question 12

Immature Long Bone

Answer 12

Formation of trabecular bone during epiphysis leaves two areas of cartilage, this is made up of articular cartilage (prevents friction) and the epiphyseal growth plate.

Question 13

Types of Cartilage

Answer 13

Interstitial

Appositional

Question 14

Interstitial Growth

Answer 14

growth from within the (the epiphyseal growth plate) cartilage

Question 15

Appositional Growth

Answer 15

new layers of cartilage are added to the surface via the perichondrium

Question 16

Long Bone Growth

Answer 16

Cells produce cartilage and the growth plate increases in size, ossification occurs and the growth plate closes increasing the length of the bone