Mitosis

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoyribosenucleic Acid

Stores hereditary information within cells of all living organisms

Question 2

DNA Structure

Answer 2

Double helix structure with hydrogenate bonds between complementary base pairs
Adenine - Thymine (A-T)
Cytosine - Uracil (C-G)

Question 3

DNA Helicase

Answer 3

Breaks hydrogen bond between complementary base pairs

Question 4

Topoisomerase

Answer 4

Unwinds supercoiled DNA and a single stranded binding protein prevents hydrogen bonds reforming

Question 5

Primase

Answer 5

Binds a small length of RNA (a primer) to the DNA

Question 6

DNA Polymerase

Answer 6

Travels down the DNA strand adding DNA nucleotides to the template strand

Question 7

DNA Ligase

Answer 7

catalyses the condensation reaction to reform the sugar phosphate backbone between DNA nucleotides

Question 8

Fidelity

Answer 8

The degree of exactness to which something is copied or reproduced

Question 9

High dNTP levels

Answer 9

detrimental to the fidelity f replication as speed up repilcation

Question 10

Low dNTP Levels

Answer 10

inhibit DNA replication allowing for mismatch repair to decrease the chance of mutation

Question 11

Exonuclease

Answer 11

Travels in a 3’-5’ direction removing incorrect nucleotides

Question 12

Direct Reversal

Answer 12

some DNA damaging reactions can be undone by enzymes in the cell

Question 13

Excision Repair

Answer 13

the incorrect bases are removed and the damaged region is replaced

Question 14

Telomerase

Answer 14

Allows cellular DNA to continues replication when there is an incomplete lagging strand

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

The production of genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair.

Question 16

G1 Phase

Answer 16

Metabolic changes prepare the cell for division and it passes the restriction point and the cell commits and moves to S Phase

Question 17

S Phase

Answer 17

DNA replication occurs and each chromosome is made up of two genetically identical sister chromatids

Question 18

G2 Phase

Answer 18

The cell assembles organelles and cytoplasmic material necessary for mitosis

Question 19

M Phase

Answer 19

Actual cell division- made up of Prophase, metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase

Question 20

Prophase

Answer 20

Chromosomes condense and appear visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle fibres form

Question 21

Metaphase

Answer 21

Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and attach to the spindle fibres

Question 22

Anaphase

Answer 22

The spindle fibres contract and the centromeres divide, sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 23

Telophase

Answer 23

The nuclear envelope reforms and the chromatids de condense to form sister chromatids and cytokinesis occurs.