The Skeletal System

Question 1

what is the skeleton?

Answer 1

the skeleton is the framework for the body which provides protection for the internal organs

Question 2

what are flat bones?

Answer 2

flat bones act as suitable sites for muscular attachment. some examples of them are sternum, ribs, cranium and pelvis.

Question 3

what are long bones?

Answer 3

long bones act as levers for movement and sites for blood cell production. some examples of this is femur, humerus and radius.

Question 4

what are irregular bones?

Answer 4

protects the spinal cord. an example of this is the vertebrae

Question 5

what are short bones?

Answer 5

short bones bear weight. an example of this is the carpal and tarsals

Question 6

what are sesamoid bones?

Answer 6

sesamoid bones ease joint movement and resist compression. for example the patella

Question 7

what is the structure of a ligament?

Answer 7

a tough and slightly elastic connective tissue

Question 8

what is the function of a ligament?

Answer 8

connects bone to bone. and stabilises the joint during movement

Question 9

what is the structure of synovial fluid?

Answer 9

lubricating liquid contained within the joint

Question 10

what is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 10

it reduces friction and nourishes the cartilage

Question 11

what is the structure of the articular cartilage?

Answer 11

smooth tissue which covers the surface of the articulating bones

Question 12

what is the function of the articular cartilage?

Answer 12

acts as a shock absorber and allows friction-free movement

Question 13

what is the structure of the joint capsule?

Answer 13

a fibrous sac which contains an inner synovial membrane

Question 14

what is the function of the joint capsule?

Answer 14

strengthens the joint which secretes synovial fluid

Question 15

what is the structure of the bursa?

Answer 15

a closed sac which is found where tendons run over bones

Question 16

what is the function of the bursa?

Answer 16

reduces friction between tendons and bones

Question 17

what are synovial joints?

Answer 17

synovial joints are crucial in sport and allow free movement

Question 18

what are the 3 planes of movement?

Answer 18

the description of 3 dimensional movements at a joint

Question 19

what is the sagittal plane of movement?

Answer 19

it divides the body into left and right from the midline

Question 20

what is the frontal plane of movement?

Answer 20

it lies vertically, it divides the body into front and back parts

Question 21

what is the transverse plane of movement?

Answer 21

it lies horizontally, divides the body into upper and lower parts. its split at the waist.

Question 22

what is a movement pattern?

Answer 22

the actions taking place at a joint. for example, flexion and extension of the elbow joint.

Question 23

what is a hinge joint?

Answer 23

the elbow, knee and ankle.

Question 24

what is a pivot joint?

Answer 24

the radio ulnar joint

Question 25

what is a gliding joint?

Answer 25

flat similar bones. for example the spine

Question 26

what is the ball and socket joint?

Answer 26

a ball shaped head articulates with a cup-shaped socket. for example the hip and shoulder joints

Question 27

what is the condyloid joint?

Answer 27

similar to ball and socket but has a flatter hone surfaces to allow motion in 2 planes. for example the wrist joint

Question 28

what is a joint?

Answer 28

an area of the body where 2 or more bones articulate to Create human movement

Question 29

what is flexion?

Answer 29

movement which decreases the joint angle. lifts the arm up above the head

Question 30

what is extension?

Answer 30

movement which increases the joint angle. the arm goes down from above the head to in line with the body.

Question 31

what is dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion?

Answer 31

its the same as flexion and extension just unique to the ankle joint.

Question 32

what types of movements come under sagittal plane?

Answer 32

flexion, extension. dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Question 33

what is abduction?

Answer 33

movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.

Question 34

what is adduction?

Answer 34

movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body .

Question 35

what types of movements come under the frontal plane?

Answer 35

abduction and adduction

Question 36

what is horizontal extension?

Answer 36

movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground.

Question 37

what is horizontal flexion?

Answer 37

movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 38

what is rotation?

Answer 38

movement where the articulating bones turn about their axis. for example a screw driver movement.

Question 39

what types of movement come under the transverse plane?

Answer 39

horizontal flexion and extension as well as rotation.