The Skeletal System Flashcards
what is the skeleton?
the skeleton is the framework for the body which provides protection for the internal organs
what are flat bones?
flat bones act as suitable sites for muscular attachment. some examples of them are sternum, ribs, cranium and pelvis.
what are long bones?
long bones act as levers for movement and sites for blood cell production. some examples of this is femur, humerus and radius.
what are irregular bones?
protects the spinal cord. an example of this is the vertebrae
what are short bones?
short bones bear weight. an example of this is the carpal and tarsals
what are sesamoid bones?
sesamoid bones ease joint movement and resist compression. for example the patella
what is the structure of a ligament?
a tough and slightly elastic connective tissue
what is the function of a ligament?
connects bone to bone. and stabilises the joint during movement
what is the structure of synovial fluid?
lubricating liquid contained within the joint
what is the function of synovial fluid?
it reduces friction and nourishes the cartilage
what is the structure of the articular cartilage?
smooth tissue which covers the surface of the articulating bones
what is the function of the articular cartilage?
acts as a shock absorber and allows friction-free movement
what is the structure of the joint capsule?
a fibrous sac which contains an inner synovial membrane
what is the function of the joint capsule?
strengthens the joint which secretes synovial fluid
what is the structure of the bursa?
a closed sac which is found where tendons run over bones
what is the function of the bursa?
reduces friction between tendons and bones
what are synovial joints?
synovial joints are crucial in sport and allow free movement
what are the 3 planes of movement?
the description of 3 dimensional movements at a joint
what is the sagittal plane of movement?
it divides the body into left and right from the midline
what is the frontal plane of movement?
it lies vertically, it divides the body into front and back parts
what is the transverse plane of movement?
it lies horizontally, divides the body into upper and lower parts. its split at the waist.
what is a movement pattern?
the actions taking place at a joint. for example, flexion and extension of the elbow joint.
what is a hinge joint?
the elbow, knee and ankle.
what is a pivot joint?
the radio ulnar joint
what is a gliding joint?
flat similar bones. for example the spine
what is the ball and socket joint?
a ball shaped head articulates with a cup-shaped socket. for example the hip and shoulder joints
what is the condyloid joint?
similar to ball and socket but has a flatter hone surfaces to allow motion in 2 planes. for example the wrist joint
what is a joint?
an area of the body where 2 or more bones articulate to Create human movement
what is flexion?
movement which decreases the joint angle. lifts the arm up above the head
what is extension?
movement which increases the joint angle. the arm goes down from above the head to in line with the body.
what is dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion?
its the same as flexion and extension just unique to the ankle joint.
what types of movements come under sagittal plane?
flexion, extension. dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
what is abduction?
movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.
what is adduction?
movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body .
what types of movements come under the frontal plane?
abduction and adduction
what is horizontal extension?
movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground.
what is horizontal flexion?
movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground
what is rotation?
movement where the articulating bones turn about their axis. for example a screw driver movement.
what types of movement come under the transverse plane?
horizontal flexion and extension as well as rotation.
