Cardiovascular System

Question 1

what is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 1

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 2

what is the systematic circuit?

Answer 2

carries oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 3

what is oxygenated blood?

Answer 3

blood that has oxygen within it. as well as nutrients like glucose

Question 4

what is deoxygenated blood?

Answer 4

blood that doesn’t have oxygen, but has carbon dioxide and waste products.

Question 5

what is the conduction system?

Answer 5

a set of structures within the cardiac muscle which creates and transmits an impulse forcing the atria and ventricles to contract.

Question 6

what is the myogenic?

Answer 6

the cardiac muscle is myogenic. which means that it generates its own electrical impulse. this then causes it to contract.

Question 7

what does diastole mean?

Answer 7

diastole means the relaxation of the ventricle. this last 0.3 seconds

Question 8

what does systole mean?

Answer 8

systole the contraction phase of the ventricle. this lasts 0.5 seconds.

Question 9

what does heart rate mean?

Answer 9

the number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 10

what is stroke volume?

Answer 10

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat.

Question 11

what is cardiac output?

Answer 11

the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

Question 12

how do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 12

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 13

what is the average heart rate at rest, sub maximal exercise and maximal exercise?

Answer 13

72 bpm at rest. 60-80% of max heart rate-sub max. the maximal heart rate is (220-age)

Question 14

what is the average stroke volume at rest, sub-maximal exercise and maximal exercise?

Answer 14

70ml at rest. 170ml for a trained athlete. 120ml for an untrained athlete. during maximal exercise the stroke volume cant increase because you reach your max.

Question 15

what is the average cardiac output at rest, sub-maximal exercise and maximal exercise.

Answer 15

at rest 5l/min. during sub-max 15-25l/min for a trained athlete. 10-15l/min for an untrained athlete. at maximal exercise 20-40l/min for a trained athlete and 23-30l/min for an untrained athlete

Question 16

what is venous return?

Answer 16

venous return is the amount of blood returning atrium through the veins.

Question 17

is it harder or easier at exercise?

Answer 17

harder because your body needs to work harder to maintain it. if not enough blood gets back to the heart then the less it can pump out which then means the muscles cant work as hard.

Question 18

what does sub-maximal mean?

Answer 18

low to moderate intensity

Question 19

what is maximal exercise?

Answer 19

a high intensity of exercise above a performers capacity. this will then cause fatigue to hit.

Question 20

what is the starlings law?

Answer 20

an increase in venous return leads to an increased stroke volume. due to an increased stretch in the ventricle walls. therefore cause a contraction.