The muscular system Flashcards
What is origin?
The point where the muscle attaches to a stationary bone, which stays fixed during contraction
What is insertion?
The point where the muscle attaches to a moveable bone which stays fixed during muscular contraction
What is the agonist muscle?
The muscle responsible for creating a movement at the joint. (Prime mover)
What is the antagonist muscle?
The antagonist muscle is the muscle that opposes the agonist. So whilst the agonist contracts the antagonist relaxes
What is the fixator?
The fixator is the muscle that stabilises one part of the body whilst the other part moves.
What is the antagonistic muscle action?
It’s the paired muscle action. This is when the agonist muscle shortens to create movement and the antagonist lengthens to coordinate the action
What is isotonic contraction?
Isotonic contraction is when the muscle contraction lengthens during its contraction. This occurs in 2 ways eccentric and concentric
What is eccentric contraction?
Lengthens under tension
What is concentric contraction?
Shortens under tension
What is isometric contraction?
Stays the same under tension
What is delayed onset muscle soreness?
Pain and stiffness in muscle 24-72 hours after eccentric exercise
What is movement analysis?
Analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement. So on a diagram of a picture, pointing out joint types, bones, movement, agonist and antagonist muscles also the contraction type.
What is the motor neurone?
A nerve cell which sends an impulse to the group of muscle fibres
What is the motor unit?
The motor unit is a motor neurone and the muscle fibres are stimulated by its axon
What is action potential?
Positive electrical change inside the nerve and muscle cells which sends an impulse down the neurone into the muscle fibre.
What is a neurotransmitter?
A chemical produced and let out by a neurone which transmits the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre.
What is the all or none law?
It’s when all the muscle fibres will be used to make a muscle contract or none will.
What is slow oxidative muscle fibres?
Produces a small amount of movement over a long period of time. For example marathons. They have high myoglobin. Also have a high fatigue so it takes longer to get tired.
What is fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres?
Produces maximal force over a short period of time. They have the capacity to resist fatigue. For example 400m
What is fast glycolytic muscle fibres?
Designed to work anaerobically. Rapid energy production and large amount of force. However they fatigue quickly. For example the 100m
What is myoglobin?
A protein in the muscle responsible for transporting oxygen to the mitochondria.
What is the mitochondria?
Responsible for aerobic energy production
What is aerobic work?
Low intensity, long duration
What is anaerobic work?
High intensity, short duration
What is work:relief ratio?
The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed
