The Skeletal System

Question 1

Cartilage

Answer 1

Dense connective tissue - flexible
Cells are chondrocytes (living)
Elastin and collagen fibres
Hyaline cartilage - most abundant - mainly collagen fibres
Elastic cartilage- mainly elastin fibres
Fibrocartilage- thick collagen fibres - great tensile strength- areas of heavy pressure and stretch

Question 2

Bones

Answer 2

Dense connective tissue
The forming unit is the osteon
The forming cell is the osteoblast

Axial Skeleton
Forms long axis of body
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Protection, support

Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of upper and lower limbs and the two girdles (pectoral and pelvic)
Movement

Question 3

Long Bones

Answer 3

Longer than they are wide - shaft and two ends

All limbs bones except patella, tarsals, carpals

Question 4

Short Bones

Answer 4

Roughly cube-shaped

Patella (knee cap), carpals (wrist), tarsals (ankle)

Question 5

Flat Bones

Answer 5

Thin, flattened, bit of a curve

Sternum, scapula, ribs, most skull bones

Question 6

Irregular Bones

Answer 6

Complicated shapes

vertebrae, hip bones, facial bones

Question 7

Functions of Skeletal System

Answer 7

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral Storage
5. Hematopoiesis (blood cell production)

Question 8

Parts of the long Bone

Answer 8

1. Diaphysis (shaft)
2. Medullary cavity
3. Epiphysis (ends)
4. Epiphyseal line - remnant of growth plate
5. Articular cartilage
6. Periosteum
7. Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibres
8. Endosteum

Question 9

Bones Have 3 types of cells

Answer 9

Osteocytes - mature bone cells found in lacunae
Osteoblasts - form bone
Osteoclasts - break down bone

Question 10

Compact Bone

Answer 10

lacunae
canaliculi
perforatin (volkman’s canals)

Question 11

Joints

Answer 11

The place where two or more bones meet
Their function is to provide movement and hold skeleton together
3 types
-fibrous
-cartilaginous
-synovial