The Language of Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomical Positions in Humans
Standing erect, facing observer
Palms facing forward
Standing flat on feet
Humans are bilaterally symmetrical
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body into right and left parts
When those parts are equal, it is called the MEDIAN plane
Frontal Plane
Also called, CORONAL
Divides body into anterior and posterior parts
Transversal Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
When it comes into an organ it is called cross-section
The Cranial Cavity (cranium)
This is the skull containing the brain and the 12 cranial nerves
The Vertebral or Spinal cavity
This cavity contains the vertebral cord and the spinal nerves
The Thoracic Cavity
Sometimes called the chest cavity. This cavity contains the heart, lungs, great vessels (aorta and vena cava) and the esophagus
The Abdominopelvic Cavity
This cavity could be divided into abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, and both small and large intestine and pelvic cavity containing the rectum, urinary bladder and the prostate, and uterus.
The Organ Systems: Integumentary System
Skin and ski appendages such as hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.
The Organ Systems: Circulatory System
Pumping and transporting blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels.
The Organ Systems: Respiratory System
The organs used for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm.
The Organ Systems: Skeletal Systems
Structures and support human body with bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
The Organ Systems: Muscular System
Provides locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat. Includes skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.
The Organ Systems: Reproductive System
Includes the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands in females. In males it includes the testes, vas deferens, seminal vessels and prostate.
The Organ Systems: Digestive System
Its main function is digesting and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines and rectum
The Organ Systems: Urinary System
Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Those organs are responsible for fluid and electrolyte balance and excretion of urine.
The Organ Systems: Endocrine System
Works mainly by secreting, controlling and balancing hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenals i.e., adrenal glands
The Organ System: Lymphatic System
Includes the tonsils, spleen and the nodes and vessels. The lymphatic system includes functions such as immune responses and development of antibiotics
The Organ System: Nervous System
This system collects, transfers and interpret information with the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous systems
The Anterior Landmarks
Cephalic= head area Cranial= vault and forehead area Facial= face Cervical=neck area Axillary= arm pit Mammary= breast Areolar= nipple Bronchial= chest area Umbilical= belly button Coxal=hip area Inguinal= area joining thigh and abdomen Pubic= around genitals (lower abdomen area) Femoral= thigh Crural=shin of the legs Tarsals/carpals=ankles/wrist Digital=small bones of the fingers (hands or feet) Brachial=arm area (not forearm) Antebrachial=anterior forearm Hallux=big toe Pollex= thumb Patellur=knee cap
The Posterior Landmarks
Acromial= tip of the shoulder Olecranon= tip of the elbow joint Gluteal= buttocks area Popliteal= behind the knee Sural= calf Calcaneal= heel area
Facial Surface Anatomical Parts
Frontal (forehead) Glabeller (between eyebrows) Optic (eye) Zygomal (cheeck bone) Nasal (nose) Buccal (lower cheek) Labial (lips) Mental (chin)
