The Language of Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical Positions in Humans

Answer 1

Standing erect, facing observer
Palms facing forward
Standing flat on feet

Humans are bilaterally symmetrical

Question 2

Sagittal Plane

Answer 2

Divides the body into right and left parts

When those parts are equal, it is called the MEDIAN plane

Question 3

Frontal Plane

Answer 3

Also called, CORONAL

Divides body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 4

Transversal Plane

Answer 4

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

When it comes into an organ it is called cross-section

Question 5

The Cranial Cavity (cranium)

Answer 5

This is the skull containing the brain and the 12 cranial nerves

Question 6

The Vertebral or Spinal cavity

Answer 6

This cavity contains the vertebral cord and the spinal nerves

Question 7

The Thoracic Cavity

Answer 7

Sometimes called the chest cavity. This cavity contains the heart, lungs, great vessels (aorta and vena cava) and the esophagus

Question 8

The Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 8

This cavity could be divided into abdominal cavity containing the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, and both small and large intestine and pelvic cavity containing the rectum, urinary bladder and the prostate, and uterus.

Question 9

The Organ Systems: Integumentary System

Answer 9

Skin and ski appendages such as hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.

Question 10

The Organ Systems: Circulatory System

Answer 10

Pumping and transporting blood to and from the body and lungs with heart, blood and blood vessels.

Question 11

The Organ Systems: Respiratory System

Answer 11

The organs used for breathing, the pharynx, larynx, bronchi, lungs and diaphragm.

Question 12

The Organ Systems: Skeletal Systems

Answer 12

Structures and support human body with bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons

Question 13

The Organ Systems: Muscular System

Answer 13

Provides locomotion, maintains posture, and produces heat. Includes skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.

Question 14

The Organ Systems: Reproductive System

Answer 14

Includes the sex organs, such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands in females. In males it includes the testes, vas deferens, seminal vessels and prostate.

Question 15

The Organ Systems: Digestive System

Answer 15

Its main function is digesting and processing food with salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines and rectum

Question 16

The Organ Systems: Urinary System

Answer 16

Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Those organs are responsible for fluid and electrolyte balance and excretion of urine.

Question 17

The Organ Systems: Endocrine System

Answer 17

Works mainly by secreting, controlling and balancing hormones made by endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal body or pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenals i.e., adrenal glands

Question 18

The Organ System: Lymphatic System

Answer 18

Includes the tonsils, spleen and the nodes and vessels. The lymphatic system includes functions such as immune responses and development of antibiotics

Question 19

The Organ System: Nervous System

Answer 19

This system collects, transfers and interpret information with the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous systems

Question 20

The Anterior Landmarks

Answer 20

Cephalic= head area
Cranial= vault and forehead area
Facial= face
Cervical=neck area
Axillary= arm pit
Mammary= breast
Areolar= nipple
Bronchial= chest area
Umbilical= belly button
Coxal=hip area
Inguinal= area joining thigh and abdomen
Pubic= around genitals (lower abdomen area)
Femoral= thigh
Crural=shin of the legs
Tarsals/carpals=ankles/wrist
Digital=small bones of the fingers (hands or feet)
Brachial=arm area (not forearm)
Antebrachial=anterior forearm
Hallux=big toe
Pollex= thumb
Patellur=knee cap

Question 21

The Posterior Landmarks

Answer 21

Acromial= tip of the shoulder
Olecranon= tip of the elbow joint
Gluteal= buttocks area
Popliteal= behind the knee
Sural= calf
Calcaneal= heel area

Question 22

Facial Surface Anatomical Parts

Answer 22

Frontal (forehead)
Glabeller (between eyebrows)
Optic (eye)
Zygomal (cheeck bone)
Nasal (nose)
Buccal (lower cheek)
Labial (lips)
Mental (chin)