The Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the role of flat bones?

Answer 1

Provide a large surface area for muscle attachment, protect vital organs

Question 2

Examples of flat bones

Answer 2

Scapula, cranium, sternum, pelvis

Question 3

What is the role of short bones?

Answer 3

Good for weight bearing

Question 4

Examples of short bones

Answer 4

Tarsal, Carpals

Question 5

What is the role of long bones?

Answer 5

Leverage for movement, act as sites for blood cell production

Question 6

Examples of long bones

Answer 6

Femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius, metatarsal, metacarpal, phalanges

Question 7

What is the role of sesamoid bones

Answer 7

Ease joint movement, resist compression

Question 8

Examples of seasmoid bones

Answer 8

patella

Question 9

What is the role of irregular bones?

Answer 9

Large surface area for muscle attatchement

Question 10

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 10

Vertebrae

Question 11

Definition of joint

Answer 11

An area of the body where two or more bones articulate

Question 12

What are the common features of a synovial joint?

Answer 12

Ligament, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule

Question 13

Definition of a ligament

Answer 13

a tough band of fibrous, slight elastic connective tissue which joins bone to bone

Question 14

Definition of a tendon

Answer 14

Connect muscle to bone. When the muscle contract the effort is transferred to the bone and movement is created

Question 15

What is the structure and function of synovial fluid?

Answer 15

Acts as a lubricant reducing friction between articulating cartilages

Question 16

What is the structure and function of the joint capsule?

Answer 16

Totally enclosed and strengthened the synovial joint so that the bones are not pulled apart

Question 17

What is the structure and function of bursa?

Answer 17

A sac of fluid found where tendons rub over bones. Role is to reduce friction between tendons and bones

Question 18

What is the structure and function of articular cartilage?

Answer 18

Covers the end of bones, helps to reduce stress and compression on the bone ends. Prevents friction between bones by making bone surface smooth

Question 19

What are the 5 types of joint?

Answer 19

Pivot, hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, gilding

Question 20

Definition of sagittal plane

Answer 20

Lies vertically and divides the body into left and right parts from medial (midline) to the later (outside)

Question 21

Wha movements can occur at the sagittal plane?

Answer 21

Flexion, Extension, Dorsi Flexion, Plantar Flexion

Question 22

Definition of frontal plane

Answer 22

Lies vertically and divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

Question 23

What movements occur on the frontal plane?

Answer 23

Abduction, Adduction

Question 24

What is a sporting example of sagittal plane?

Answer 24

somersault

Question 25

What is a sporting example of frontal plane?

Answer 25

cartwheel

Question 26

Definition of transverse plane

Answer 26

Lies horizontally and divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower)

Question 27

What is a sporting example of transverse plane?

Answer 27

Twist

Question 28

What movements occur at the transverse plane?

Answer 28

Horizontal extension, Horizontal flexion, Rotation, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation

Question 29

Definition of flexion

Answer 29

Movement which decreases the joint angle, usually at the front of the body

Question 30

Sporting example of flexion

Answer 30

Bicep curl

Question 31

Definition of extension

Answer 31

Movement which increases the joint angle, usually at the back of the body

Question 32

Sporting example of extension

Answer 32

Downwards phase of bicep curl

Question 33

Definition of dorsi-flexion

Answer 33

Movement at the ankle joint as toes move up

Question 34

Sporting example of dorsi-flexion

Answer 34

Preparing to perform jumps shot in basketball

Question 35

Definition of plantar flexion

Answer 35

Movement at the ankle joint as the toes move down, further away from the tibia

Question 36

Sporting example of plantar-flexion

Answer 36

Taking off in high jump, pointing toes in splits

Question 37

Definition of abduction

Answer 37

Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body

Question 38

Sporting example of abduction and adduction

Answer 38

Lateral raises Star jumps

Question 40

Definition of adduction

Answer 40

Movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body

Question 41

Definition of horizontal extension

Answer 41

Movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 42

Sporting example of horizontal extension

Answer 42

Backwards swing in the discus at shoulder joint

Question 43

Definition of horizontal flexion

Answer 43

Movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body parallel to the ground

Question 44

Sporting example of horizontal flexion

Answer 44

Hip when performing performing close the gate as part of ‘open the gate, close the gate’ warm up game

Question 45

Definition of rotation

Answer 45

Movement whereby articulating bones turn about their longitudinal axis in a screwdriver action

Question 46

Definition of medial rotation

Answer 46

Rotation towards the body

Question 47

Definition of lateral rotation

Answer 47

Movement away from the body