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pe unit 1 > the skeletal system > Flashcards

the skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A
  • protecting vital organs (protection)
  • supporting the body (framework)
  • enabling body movements (movement)
  • storing materials
  • producing body cells
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2
Q

protecting vital organs

A
  • cranium protects the brain/sensory organs
  • ribs protect heart and lungs
  • pelvis protects reproductive organs
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3
Q

supporting the body

A
  • legs support the body to stand
  • spine holds up the abdomen
  • structure, stability
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4
Q

enabling body movements

A
  • allows joints to extend and bend
  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • circumduction
  • adduction
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5
Q

storing materials

A
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
  • vitamin A
  • vitamin B
  • vitamin C
  • vitamin D
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6
Q

produces red blood cells

A
  • bone marrow produces red blood cells which carry oxygen
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7
Q

types of bones

A
  • short
  • long
  • sesamoid
  • flat
  • irregular
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8
Q

short bones

A
  • roughly cubical
  • wrists (carpals)
  • ankle (tarsals)
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9
Q

long bones

A
  • longer than they are wide
  • thigh bone (femur)
  • arm bone (humorous)
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10
Q

sesamoid bone

A
  • small bones developed in tendons around joints
  • knee bone (patella)
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11
Q

flat bones

A
  • provide flat area for muscle attachment
  • scapula
  • ribs
  • sternum
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12
Q

irregular bones

A
  • have no regular shape
  • fit together like puzzles
  • vertebrae
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13
Q

vertebral column vertebrae

A
  • cervical (7)
  • thoracic (12)
  • lumbar (5)
  • sacrum (5 fused)
  • coccyx (4 fused)
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14
Q

vertebra

A

sections of the vertebrae

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15
Q

how does the skeletal system allow movement?

A

by providing structure and framework the skeletal system allows for bodily movements with a stable base

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16
Q

joints

A
  • fibrous (immoveable)
  • cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
  • synovial (freely moveable)
17
Q

fibrous

A

joints offer no movement eg skull, pelvis, sacrum and sternum.
bones are fused together

18
Q

cartilaginous

A

joints are joined by cartilage and allow small movements eg vertebrae and where ribs join the sternum

19
Q

synovial

A

joints offer a full range of movement and move freely in at least on direction eg knee or shoulder

20
Q

types of synovial joints

A
  • ball and socket
  • pivot
  • hinge
  • gliding
  • saddle
  • condyloid
21
Q

ball and socket joint

A

allows a wide range or movement (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and circumduction) eg hip, shoulder

22
Q

pivot joint

A

where one bone rotates around another (rotation) eg where the spine meets the head, allowing your neck to turn, the joint between the radius and ulna that allows you to rotate your forearm

23
Q

hinge joint

A

allows movement in one direction (flexion extension) eg elbow, knee, fingers/toes

24
Q

gliding joint

A

allows gliding or sliding movements (flexion/extension) eg carpals of the wrist, tarsals of the ankle

25
Q

saddle joint

A

allows movement in two directions (flexion and extension, abduction and adduction) eg thumb joint

26
Q

condyloid joint

A

allows movement in two directions (flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction) eg wrist

27
Q

connective tissue

A
  • cartilage
  • ligaments
  • tendons
28
Q

cartilage

A
  • smooth, slightly elastic tissue
  • forms cartilaginous joints which are slightly moveable (eg between the vertebrae)
29
Q

ligaments

A
  • cross over joints, joining bone to bone
  • slightly elasticity allows small movement from bones of the joint
  • mainly to provide stability at the joint, preventing dislocation
  • damage may require surgery (think ACL - L for ligament)
  • eg acl in the knee
30
Q

tendons

A
  • fibrous tissue that attaches muscles to bones
  • allows movement by helping muscles pull through the joint and onto the bones
31
Q

axial skeleton

A

cranium, spine, ribs
(main core of the body)

32
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

everything else (limbs etc.) upper and lower extremities, shoulder, hip etc

pe unit 1 (4 decks)

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