the skeletal system

Question 1

functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• protecting vital organs (protection)
• supporting the body (framework)
• enabling body movements (movement)
• storing materials
• producing body cells

Question 2

protecting vital organs

Answer 2

• cranium protects the brain/sensory organs
• ribs protect heart and lungs
• pelvis protects reproductive organs

Question 3

supporting the body

Answer 3

• legs support the body to stand
• spine holds up the abdomen
• structure, stability

Question 4

enabling body movements

Answer 4

• allows joints to extend and bend
• flexion
• extension
• abduction
• circumduction
• adduction

Question 5

storing materials

Answer 5

• calcium
• phosphorus
• vitamin A
• vitamin B
• vitamin C
• vitamin D

Question 6

produces red blood cells

Answer 6

• bone marrow produces red blood cells which carry oxygen

Question 7

types of bones

Answer 7

• short
• long
• sesamoid
• flat
• irregular

Question 8

short bones

Answer 8

• roughly cubical
• wrists (carpals)
• ankle (tarsals)

Question 9

long bones

Answer 9

• longer than they are wide
• thigh bone (femur)
• arm bone (humorous)

Question 10

sesamoid bone

Answer 10

• small bones developed in tendons around joints
• knee bone (patella)

Question 11

flat bones

Answer 11

• provide flat area for muscle attachment
• scapula
• ribs
• sternum

Question 12

irregular bones

Answer 12

• have no regular shape
• fit together like puzzles
• vertebrae

Question 13

vertebral column vertebrae

Answer 13

• cervical (7)
• thoracic (12)
• lumbar (5)
• sacrum (5 fused)
• coccyx (4 fused)

Question 14

vertebra

Answer 14

sections of the vertebrae

Question 15

how does the skeletal system allow movement?

Answer 15

by providing structure and framework the skeletal system allows for bodily movements with a stable base

Question 16

joints

Answer 16

• fibrous (immoveable)
• cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
• synovial (freely moveable)

Question 17

fibrous

Answer 17

joints offer no movement eg skull, pelvis, sacrum and sternum.
bones are fused together

Question 18

cartilaginous

Answer 18

joints are joined by cartilage and allow small movements eg vertebrae and where ribs join the sternum

Question 19

synovial

Answer 19

joints offer a full range of movement and move freely in at least on direction eg knee or shoulder

Question 20

types of synovial joints

Answer 20

• ball and socket
• pivot
• hinge
• gliding
• saddle
• condyloid

Question 21

ball and socket joint

Answer 21

allows a wide range or movement (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and circumduction) eg hip, shoulder

Question 22

pivot joint

Answer 22

where one bone rotates around another (rotation) eg where the spine meets the head, allowing your neck to turn, the joint between the radius and ulna that allows you to rotate your forearm

Question 23

hinge joint

Answer 23

allows movement in one direction (flexion extension) eg elbow, knee, fingers/toes

Question 24

gliding joint

Answer 24

allows gliding or sliding movements (flexion/extension) eg carpals of the wrist, tarsals of the ankle

Question 25

saddle joint

Answer 25

allows movement in two directions (flexion and extension, abduction and adduction) eg thumb joint

Question 26

condyloid joint

Answer 26

allows movement in two directions (flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction) eg wrist

Question 27

connective tissue

Answer 27

- cartilage - ligaments - tendons

Question 28

cartilage

Answer 28

- smooth, slightly elastic tissue - forms cartilaginous joints which are slightly moveable (eg between the vertebrae)

Question 29

ligaments

Answer 29

- cross over joints, joining bone to bone - slightly elasticity allows small movement from bones of the joint - mainly to provide stability at the joint, preventing dislocation - damage may require surgery (think ACL - L for ligament) - eg acl in the knee

Question 30

tendons

Answer 30

- fibrous tissue that attaches muscles to bones - allows movement by helping muscles pull through the joint and onto the bones

Question 31

axial skeleton

Answer 31

cranium, spine, ribs (main core of the body)

Question 32

appendicular skeleton

Answer 32

everything else (limbs etc.) upper and lower extremities, shoulder, hip etc