Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy > The Skeletal Person Quiz > Flashcards

The Skeletal Person Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Define cartilage

A

Strong flexible, CT that protects joints and bones.
Found throughout adult body in the ears, nose, ribs, sternum, larnyx, and trachea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the locations of cartilage tissue found throughout adult body

A

External ear, nose, lynx and trachea, pubic symphesis, ribs/sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the basic structure of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage.
Cell type: chondrocytes
Matrix contains: fibers, jelly like, ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do you find each type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline: end of bones, ribs, nose, lyrnyx, trachea, bronchi.
Elastic : Epiglottis and external ear
Fibrocartilage : pubic synthesis, minisci knee, annulus fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the features of cartilage tissue

A

Springs back to original shape, provides support through flexibility, elasticity, tolerates, repeated, bending, resist, strong compression and strong tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the different types of cartilage (3)

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe characteristic features of each cartilage

A

Hyaline: most abundant, provides support through flexibility
Elastic : contains elastic fibers, tolerates repeated bending
Fibro: resist, strong compression and strong tension, intermediate between Hyaline and elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the locations of each cartilage

A

Hyaline: nose, larnyx, trachea, costal, cartilage, epiphyseal plates of long bones

Elastic : epiglottis and cartilage of the external ear

Fibro: pubic synthesis, knee, anulous fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define chondroblasts

A

Creates the main component that provides structure and strengths to cartilage. They then mature into chondrocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define chondrocytes

A

Cells responsible for cartilage formation (cellular component of cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the function of bones (6)

A

Support, movement, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation, energy metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe how bones are classified

A

Long bone – short bone – flat bone – irregular bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of each type of bone

A

Long bone – humorous
Short bone – carpals
Flat bone – sternum
Irregular bone – vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of bones, (compact and spongy)

A

Compact bone – dense outer layer of bone

Spongy – internal network of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compare and contrast, compact and spongy bone

A

Compact bone is composed of osteons and forms external layer of the bone

Spongy bone is composed of trabeculae and forms the inner part of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the parts of a long bone

A

Proximal epiphysis (closer to torso)
Diaphysis (shaft) (primary growth area)
Distal epiphysis (secondary growth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Grows up and down (long ways)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is interstitial growth

A

Gross side to side (wider)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does cartilage stop growing?

A

When the skeletons stops growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are markings of bones?

A

Made by osteoclasts
Superficial surfaces of bones reflect stresses on them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three broad categories of bone markings?

A

Projections for muscle attachment
Surfaces that form joints
Depressions and openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure of a typical long bone?

A

Diaphysis (shaft of bone) (middle)
Epiphysis (ends of bones)
Blood vessels – well vascularized
Medullary cavity - hollow cavity filled with yellow marrow
Membranes-periosteum, perforating, collagen fiber bundles, and endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structure of short, irregular, flat bone

A

Contains bone marrow, but no mero cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the axil bones?

A

Head, neck, back, and chest

25
Q

What is the difference between male and female pelvises?

A

Females – pubic angle is more than 180° larger, wider, rounder inlet

Males less than 180°, sacrum is longer, narrower, straighter, pronounced sacral

26
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

33 total
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
9 fused

27
Q

What are the sutures of the skull? (5)

A

Coronal, sagittal,lambdoid, simple squamous, Fontenelle

28
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 total
Seven true
Five false

29
Q

What are the flat bones?

A

Sternum, ribs, skull, scapula, hips

30
Q

What are the long bones?

A

Tibia, fibula, femur, humerus, radius, ulna

31
Q

What are the short bones?

A

Carpals and tarsals

32
Q

What are the irregular bones?

A

Vertebrae, coccyx, sacrum, temporal

33
Q

What kind of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

34
Q

What are the four major sinus bones?

A

Maxillary (the biggest) , ethmoid, sphenoid, mandibular

35
Q

True or false osteon and diversion system are the same

A

True

36
Q

Osteoblasts do what?

A

Add bone tissue to external surface of the diaphysis

37
Q

Osteoclast do what?

A

Remove bone from the internal surface of the diaphysis

38
Q

What are the stages of healing of a bone fracture?

A

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilageinous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

This is carried out by osteoclasts

39
Q

What are the fracture types?

A

Communituted, compression, spiral, epiphyseal , depressed, greenstick

40
Q

Osteoblast vs osteoclasts vs osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts are bone forming
Osteoclasts resorb or break down bone
Osteocytes are mature bone

All 3 are cells that contribute to bone homeostasis

41
Q

Which hormones regulate bone growth

A

Growth, hormone, thyroid, hormone, sex hormones

42
Q

What happens to bones as the individual approaches the end of adolescence?

A

Chondroblast divide less often, epiphyseal plates thin, cartilage stops growing and is replaced by bone tissue. Long bones stop lengthening when diaphysis and epiphysis fuse.

43
Q

What is meant by bone remodeling?

A

The process of replacing old or damaged bone with new bone, which is coordinated by Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

44
Q

Define osteoblast

A

Bone forming cells
Heal existing bone by releasing bone matrix which fills gaps in bone tissue .
Once mature osteoblast become osteoclast .

45
Q

Define osteoclast

A

Breakdown bone
Giant multinucleate cells
Move along the bone surface
Digging grooves as they break down the bone matrix
Sree lysosomal enzymes and hydrochloric acid

46
Q

Describe how bone grows

A

Bone length: bone grows in length from growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate

Bone width: grows through oppositional growth (bone tissue added to the surface of the bone)

47
Q

Name four disorders of bones

A

Osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, rickets, osteomalacia

48
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Low bone mass

Bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition

49
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Occurs in adults – bones are in adequately mineralized

50
Q

What are rickets?

A

Occurs in children – analogous to osteomalacia

51
Q

List, different types of tissues in bone

A

CT, NT, blood, CT, cartilage, ET

52
Q

How does cartilage grow?
List the two modes of growth of cartilage

A

Oppositional growth (Contrast and surrounding perichondrium produce new cartilage )

interstitial growth- Condra sides within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

53
Q

Is bone considered an organ if yes, why

A

Bone contains several types of tissues dominated by CT contains nervous tissue and blood. CT contains ET lining blood vessels.

54
Q

Describe the chemical component of bone

A

Organic and inorganic

Organic – osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclast

55
Q

Bone development

A

Ossification
Membrane bones
Intra-membraneous ossification
Endochondral ossification

56
Q

during childhood and adolescence lengthen entirely by growth of the what

A

Epiphyseal plates

57
Q

Bone deposit and removal occurs where

A

At periosteal and endosteal surfaces

58
Q

Bone remodeling is what

A

Bone deposition – accomplished by osteoblasts
And bone reabsorption – accomplished by osteoclasts

Human Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions