Integumentary System Flashcards
Identify the two distinct layers of the skin
Epidermis and dermis
Define hypodermis
Bottom layer of skin – superficial fascia
Contains Ariola and adipose CT
Describe the structural features of epidermis
Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratam granulism, stratum Lucius, stratum corneum
List the main cell types of epidermidis
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile, epithelial, dendritic cells
Describe the characteristic features of keratinocytes
Most abundant cell type in epidermis
Arise from deepest layer of epidermis
Produce keratin
Is dead at skin surface
Describe the characteristic structural features of dermis
Second major region of skin, strong, flexible CT
Blood vessels + nerves
Two layers (capillary and reticular)
Identify the layers of the dermis
Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
Define cleavage and flexure lines
Cleavage: separation between collagen fibers, which give skin strength
Flexure lines : deep, creases and palms, wrists, souls, fingers, and toes
Describe the structural features of hypodermis
Contains Ariola and adipose CT
Helps insulate body
List three pigments which contribute to skin color
Melanin, hemoglobin, carotene
List the appendages of the skin
Hair, nails, sweat glands,sebaceous glands
List the different glands of the integumentary system
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands
Describe the characteristic features of sebaceous glands
Occur all over the body, secrete sebum, halocrine secretion,
Describe the characteristic features of sweat glands
Widely distributed on body
Secrete sweat
Compare and contrast eccrine and apocrine glands
Eccrine: most numerous and produces true sweat
Apocrine: confined to exhilarate, anal, genital area and produces special musky sweat
List the different degrees of burns
First-degree – upper epidermis
Second-degree – epidermis and upper part of dermis
Third-degree – consumes the whole thickness of the skin
Three types of skin cancers
Basal cell carcinoma – least malignant, but most common
Squamous cell carcinoma – arises from keratinocytes of Stratam spinosum
Melanoma – cancer of melanocytes and most dangerous
Skin account for what % of body weight?
7%
Skin thickened varies from ?
1.5-4-4mm
Layers of skin from outer most layer to deepest layer
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
5 important functions of skin and hypodermis
Protection, body temp regulation, excretion, production of vitamin D, sensory reception
Reticular dermis components
Dense irregular CT
Two vascular plexus: dermal plexus and suppapilary plexus
Parts of the nail
Free edge, body, root, nail folds, cuticle (eponychium)
Parts of hair
Root- embedded in the skin
Shaft- above the skin surface
Arrector pili
Bundle of smooth muscle
Hair strands erect when arrector pili contracts
What’s the difference between thick and thin skin
Thick skin has a thinner dermis than thin skin and does not contain hairs, sebaceous glands, or apocrine sweat glands.
Major reasons for melanin accumulation/presence
DNA, age, food, physiological aspect, ultra violet
What kind of tissue is epidermis ?
Epithelial - stratified squamous ET
What kind of tissue is the dermis
CT
Reticular -dense irregular
What kind of tissue is hypodermis
Aerloar + adipose CT
What kind of tissue is sweat cells
Stratified cubidal epithelial
