The Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel During Interrogation Flashcards

1
Q

What does the 6A guarantee?

A

Right to counsel

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2
Q

When does the 6A attach?

A

Post-indictment in Messiah, but incriminating statements under casual convo are ok

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3
Q

When must Miranda warnings be provided?

A

Custody + Interrogation

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4
Q

When police issue Miranda warnings, what must they do?

A

Stop asking questions, but they do not have to provide attorney immedietly

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5
Q

Theories behind Miranda Warnings

A

® 5a prohibits compelled self-incrim
® 5a applies to police q bc custodial interrogation is inherently compelling w pressures
® Specified warnings necessary to dispel compelling pressure of custodial interrogation
® Suspect is therefore empowered to make voluntary and knowing choice whether to participate in custodial police interrogation

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6
Q

Waiver

A

Must be voluntary, knowing and intelligently made

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7
Q

How long does the right to invoke Miranda rights last?

A

Through the entire interrogation

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8
Q

Burden of Demonstrating Waiver belongs to:

A

prosecution

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9
Q

Custody - when are you not in Custody?

A

® Drunk driver traffic stop
◊ Seized, but not in custody
} Fork in the road between good tactics and custodial interrogation
-no per se custody for incarceration

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10
Q

Are Miranda Warnings Needed in a Drunk Driving Stop/Seizure?

A

◊ Not needed
} Traffic stop is brief and different from a station house interrogation
} Traffic stop you don’t feel at complete mercy of police
} Traffic stop is public

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11
Q

Custody - what to look for:

A

◊ Formal arrest or feels like it

◊ Public access

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12
Q

Custody Factors

A

◊ Location
◊ Duration
◊ # of officers
® Age is a relevant factor to the reasonable person standard of whether they felt able to end the encounter
-closed room
-can have custody outside of the interrogation room though

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13
Q

Is a meeting with a probation officer custody?

A
® Setting with probation officer is different from police dominated atmosphere
® Factors
	◊ Voluntariness
	◊ Familiarity w surroundings
	◊ Freedom to leave
	◊ Ability to schedule when to come in
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14
Q

Interrogation - Innis:
Miranda Warnings given and he asked for attorney. Police told not to ask questions, officers spoke to each other and man in custody overheard and responded to those statements.

Is this ok?

What is the test developed here?

A

This is ok

® Test
Is this functional equivalent of express questioning?

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15
Q

Is Miranda required when there is an undercover agent in a cell doing clear questioning?

A

No

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16
Q

Fulminante Case:

While in prison he became friends with Anthony Sarivola, an inmate paid by the FBI to collect information on other inmates while he served his term. Fulminante initially denied killing his stepdaughter to Sarivola, but admitted it when Sarivola offered him protection from other inmates in exchange for the truth. After his release, Fulminante also confessed to Donna Sarivola, Anthony’s wife.

Will these Confessions Stand in Court?

A

No

The Court held that Fulminante was coerced to confess. The Court found that “it was fear of physical violence, absent protection from his friend Sarivola, which motivated Fulminante to confess.” This motivation invalidated his confession. Since Fulminante’s confession to Donna Sarivola was closely tied to his first coerced confession, the Court dismissed both.

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17
Q

What kind of questions are ok to ask?

A

Administrative Questions

name, address, height, wieght, eye color, DoB, current age

18
Q

Like in Mosley, Whether once a D exercises his right to remain silent, may he later be interrogated on another subject after time has passed and a new warning given?

A

Once a D exercises his right to remain silent, he may later be interrogated on another subject as long as reasonable time has passed and a new warning given.

19
Q

Like in Edwards, D was charged, warrant issued and D was arrested. After D was read his Miranda warnings, he immediately requested a lawyer. The next morning, two detectives went to question D without the presence of his attorney and they obtained a confession out of the petitioner.Can the confession be admitted as evidence?

A

No

20
Q

Whether interrogations can continue after counsel is requested, regardless of whether counsel was consulted or not?

A

No

21
Q

How long are your Miranda rights going to stick with you once released back into the public?

A

Can re-interrogate a suspect after 2 weeks

22
Q

If D waives his right to remain silent, but his sister gets him an attorney without Ds knowledge, must police cease interrogation?

A

No

Fifth Amendment constitutional rights embodied by Miranda do not require police to notify the suspect of the presence of counsel, nor does it require police to notify counsel of interrogations with his or her client.

23
Q

May law enforcement lie?

A

Yes - but has to be weighed under totality of the circumstances

24
Q

When must you explicitly assert rights versus implicitly

A

Explicit - Outside interrogation

Implicit - Interrogation

25
Q

Quarales Case - After receiving the description of Quarles, an alleged assailant, a police officer entered a supermarket, spotted him, and ordered him to stop. Quarles stopped and was frisked by the officer. Upon detecting an empty shoulder holster, the officer asked Quarles where his gun was. Quarles responded incriminating himself. The officer then formally arrested Quarles and read him his Miranda rights.

Should the Court suppress Quarles’s statement about the gun and the gun itself because the officer had failed at the time to read Quarles his Miranda rights?

A

No. The Court held that there is a “public safety” exception to the requirement that officers issue Miranda warnings to suspects. Since the police officer’s request for the location of the gun was prompted by an immediate interest in assuring that it did not injure an innocent bystander or fall into the hands of a potential accomplice to Quarles, his failure to read the Miranda warning did not violate the Constitution.

26
Q

Can Congress override Miranda?

A

No

The protections outlined in Miranda, are protections mandated by the Constitution. Therefore Congress, through a federal law, can not overrule Miranda.

27
Q

Can statements barred by Miranda still be used at trial?

A

Yes - impeachment purposes

28
Q

When can silence be used for impeachment?

A

Pre-arrest

Post arrest is covered by Miranda

29
Q

If an officer intentionally withholds Miranda warnings to get a confession, then after the Confession Mirandizes and gets the D to re-confess, is that confession admissible?

A

No

30
Q

Can physical evidence found as a result of un-Mirandized but voluntary testimony be used in court?

A

Yes

Patane Case:
Samuel Patane was arrested at his home for calling his ex-girlfriend in violation of a restraining order. During the arrest, police offers began reading Patane his Miranda rights. Patane told the officers that he knew his rights. The officers then stopped reading them, at which point Patane told police that he had a gun in his house. They searched the house with his permission and found the gun. As an ex-felon, Patane was not permitted to possess a gun and was prosecuted for possession.

31
Q

Are a suspect’s Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination and his Fourteenth Amendment substantive due process right to be free from coercive questioning violated when he was subjected to coercive questioning while in police custody, even if his coerced statements were never used against him in a criminal case?

A

No

32
Q

When does 6A attach?

A

® When state’s relationship becomes solidly adversarial - formal situation
-at any critical stage

33
Q

Critical Stage

A
  • Identification Procedures
  • Interrogation
  • arraignment
34
Q

What kind of identification procedures do 6A rights attach & which procedures do they not?

A

Attach: Line Up

Don’t Attach: Photo Array

35
Q

6A Interrogation

A

intentional/deliberate elicitation of incriminating information

36
Q

5A Interrogation

A

No deliberateness requirement

37
Q

Brewer Case, after being arraigned on charges of abducting a 10-year old girl, was traveling with an officer between Davenport and Des Moines, Iowa. Although the defendant’s lawyers instructed that no questioning should take place outside their presence, the defendant was convinced by the officer to give directions to the body of the girl.

Did D waive his 6A rights?

A

No

– He has been speaking to attorneys, he is an active participant, he asserted his right numerous times

38
Q

Waiver

A

◊ Voluntarily waiver
◊ Comprehension
◊ There can be a voluntary waiver during questioning. -Police can approach you to see if you want the waiver. -They need to know they are talking to police in order to waive
• Undercover agents can never get a waiver from a defendant.

39
Q

In Brewer, despite 6A rights being violated, is the evidence suppressed?

A

® Evidence not suppressed because it was voluntary

Under 6A - speaking without an attorney present is voluntary

40
Q

Informant in Cell - when are 6A rights violated and when are they not?

A

® Informant planted in cell to elicit information
◊ D made incriminating statements against himself in front of informant
} Not ok
® plant only listened and didn’t illicit
◊ This is ok

41
Q

How do you get statements from being used even for impeachment purposes?

A

Involuntary or coerced statements is only way to get them completely out