Searches & Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

What is privacy?

A

personal interest and wont be spatially limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Privacy Test Developed in Katz

A

1) Actual Expectation of privacy;

2) and Reasonable expectation of privacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can police bug a public phone booth, like in Katz?

A

N0 - Get a warrant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Searching open fields

A
  • not a search
  • fields are open and public places
  • open fields do not have to be a field or even open
  • Like in Dow Chemical, Industrial Plants would fall under this
  • Never an expectation of privacy ever in your fields and thus will never apply a reasonable expectation of privacy test for fields
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Curtlage and Curtlage factors

A

-greater expectation of privacyin curtlage of home
Factors:
® Proximity of area claimed to be curtilage
◊ Distance From Home
® If included within the enclosure surrounding the home
◊ Presence of Enclosures
® Nature of uses
® Steps taken by resident to protect area from observations by passerbys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is a barn apart of the Curtlige?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Riley Factors in Airspace above home

A

□ No expectation of privacy b/c it was legal for police to be at that altitude
® Burden on D to prove that people don’t regularly fly over home
□ Dissent
◊ Practically inaccessible to the public to get a helicopter over the property
◊ Helicopters aren’t even there flying over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Physical touching of bag to feel drugs is….

Must determine….

A
  • a search

- Dividing line between police purpose because one can expect luggage to be touched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dog Sniffs

A
  • In traffic stop or for luggage, Dog sniff is NOT a search so long as its not prolonged beyond normal length of stop to call K-9 unit
  • It IS A SEARCH within the Curtlige of the Home - The Court held that the front porch of a home is part of the home itself for Fourth Amendment purposes. Typically, ordinary citizens are invited to enter onto the porch, either explicitly or implicitly, to communicate with the house’s occupants. Police officers, however, cannot go beyond the scope of that invitation. Entering a person’s porch for the purposes of conducting a search requires a broader license than the one commonly given to the general public. Without such a license, the police officers were conducting an unlawful search in violation of the Fourth Amendment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exam Search Analysis:

A

□ Was their a search?
® Katz 2 part test
□ If yes, does it comply w 4A reqs?
□ If no, remedies?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Police come into home to record you, like in Hoffa, do you have a constitutional privacy expectation in what you say in conversation?

A

No
◊ Not a search
® You take a risk in exposing any conversation you have by talking to somebody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trash Searches

A
◊ Not a search
® No expectation of privacy because:
	◊ Expectation trash would be mingled in
	◊ Opaque bags
	◊ Scavengers, snoops, children
	◊ Not curtliage if on curb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Placing a beeper in a can is NOT a Search when:

A

® Beeper in Can before D takes possession
-No expectation of privacy in something you don’t even own yet
® no reasonable expectation of privacy on public thoroughfares travelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pager in barrel is a search when:

A

® Taking barrel into home

◊ Told the authorities something about the interior of the home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kyllo & Sophisticated Technology

A

◊ Using a device that is not of general public use is a search (today it is though)
} This case is as good as the tech is rare
® Thermoimaging device used
® Not a curtilage case - actual house case
® Don’t want to leave homeown at mercy of advancing tech
® Dissent
◊ Not intimate details released - off the wall, not through the wall technology
◊ Majority is looking too far in the future, not present case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 competing theories on advanced technologies:

A

1)General Public Use
or
2)Breach of Home

17
Q

GPS on car using expired warrant Analysis , like in Jones + Scalia Test

A

® Government would argue Karo - no reasonable expectation of priv in pub throughofares but they don’t win
® Property right in vehicle
◊ Adds property back into Katz analysis - physical intrusion
® Violation occurs at the moment the GPS was put on the car and again when batteries are changed
® Scalia Test:
◊ Trespass onto 1 of your enumerated 4A rights
◊ Government has intent to be searching
® Trespass/Physical Intrusion
◊ Have to have intent to find something

18
Q

Knock-and-talk

A

Not a search, same license as a girl scout

19
Q

Drayton/Mendenhall Standard for Seizures

A

® Seizure occurs when a reasonable person would not feel free to leave or terminate the encounter
◊ Objective Standard
-No consent requirement (don’t have to tell them they can leave encounter)

20
Q

Objective Drayton/Mendenhall Seizure Factors

A
} Coercion
} Display of Weapons
} Positioning of Police
} Language; Tone of voice
	– Did they let you know your free to leave?
} # of officers
} If there is any touching
} Setting
21
Q

Where is the seizure?

a) Police roadblock
b) D crashes into roadblock

A

The court ruled that the defendant was not seized by the police setting the roadblock and he only became seized under the meaning of the Fourth Amendment when he actually crashed into the tractor trailer.

22
Q

Multiple passengers in car when pulled over, who is seized?

A

Everyone in the vehicle

23
Q

4 Seizure Rules

A

1)Seizure occurs when a reasonable person would not feel free to leave or terminate the encounter
® No consent requirement (don’t have to tell them they can leave encounter)
2)It is enough for a seizure that a person be stopped by the very instrumentality set in motion or put in place in order to achieve that result
® So when a car collides with a roadblock, the person is seized
3)When you stop a car, everyone in the vehicle is seized even if they only stop the car for one person in it
4)Physical force seizure occurs wen officer touches subject
® Show of authority seizure occurs when suspect submits to officer’s authority

24
Q

Hodari Rules for Seizure by police:

1) Physical Force
2) Show of Authority
3) Fleeing

A

® Physical force seizure occurs wen officer touches subject
® Show of authority seizure occurs when suspect submits to officer’s authority
◊ If you are fleeing from police you are not seized