Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Year 2 > The Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

The Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

where does the clavicle extend?

A

between the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 main functions of the clavicle?

A

1) attaches upper limb to trunk
2) protects underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb
3) transmits force from upper limb to axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what shape is the clavicle?

A

s shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many parts can the clavicle be divided into and what are they?

A

3 - sternal (medial) end, shaft, acromial end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the sternal end of the clavicle

A

contains large facet for articulation with manubrium of sternum at STERNOCLAVICULAR joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the shaft of the clavicle

A

acts as a point of origin for several muscles eg deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pectoralis major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle

A
  • small facet for articulation with acromion of scapula at acromioclavicular joint
  • serves as an attachment point for 2 ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the scapula?

A

connects the upper limb to the trunk via glenohumoral joint and acromioclavicular joint.
site of attachment for 17 muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how many surfaces of the scapula are there and what are their names?

A

3 - costal (anterior), lateral, posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the costal surface face?

A

ribcage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the costal surface contain?

A

the subscapular fossa = large concave depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what originates from the superolateral surface of the costal surface of the scapula and what is it?

A

the coracoid process - a hook like projection which lies just underneath the clavicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the lateral surface of the scapula face?

A

humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the lateral surface of the scapula

A
  • site of the glenohumoral joint
  • contains 3 important body landmarks = glenoid fossa, supraglenoid tubercle, and the infraglenoid tubercle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the glenoid fossa?

A
  • shallow cavity
  • located superiorly
  • forms glenohumoral joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

a roughening immediately superior to the glenoid fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

a roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the posterior surface of the scapula face and what is it a site of origin for?

A

outwards.
most of the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder originate here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can the muscles of the shoulder be split into?

A

2 groups - intrinsic and extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

originate from the torso, and attach to bones of the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

originate from the scapula, and / or clavicle, and attach to the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many groups can the extrinsic muscles be split into?

A

2 - superficial and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 2 superficial extrinsic muscles

A

the trapezius and latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the trapezius

A

long, flat triangulr muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the actions of the fibres in the trapezius?

A
  • upper fibres = elevate scapula
  • middle fibres = retract the scapula
  • lower fibres = pull scapula inferiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is the trapezius innervated?

A

accessory nerve

27
Q

describe the latissimus dorsi

A

originates from lower part of the back

28
Q

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

extend, abduct, and medially rotate the upper limb

29
Q

how is the latissimus dorsi innervated?

A

the thoracodorsal nerve

30
Q

what are the 3 deep extrinsic muscles?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major

31
Q

describe the levator scapulae

A

small strap like muscle

32
Q

what are the actions of the levator scapulae?

A

elevates the scapula

33
Q

what innervates the deep extrinsic muscles in the shoulder?

A

dorsal scapula nerve

34
Q

what are the actions of the rhomboids?

A

retract and rotate the scapula

35
Q

what are the 6 intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

deltoid, teres major, and 4 rotator cuff muscles

36
Q

describe the deltoid, its actions, and innervation

A
  • inverted triangle shape
  • anterior fibres = flexion and medial rotation
  • posterior fibres - extension and lateral rotation
  • middle fibres = major abductor of the arm
  • axilliary nerve
37
Q

what are the actions of the teres major and how is it innervated?

A
  • abducts and extends at the shoulder
  • medially rotates the arm
  • lower subscapular nerve
38
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

group of 4 muscles that originate from the scapula and attach to humeral head. collectively act to give glenohumeral joint stability

39
Q

the suprascapular nerve innervates which 2 rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus

40
Q

what is the subscapularis innervated by?

A

the upper and lower subscapular nerves

41
Q

what is the teres minor innervated by?

A

axilliary nerve

42
Q

what are the 4 muscles in the pectoral region?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
  • subclavius
43
Q

describe the pectoralis major, its actions, and innervation

A
  • most superficial muscle in pectoral region
  • large and fan shaped
  • abducts and medially rotates the upper limb
  • clavicular head acts to individually flex the upper limb
  • lateral and medial pectoral nerves
44
Q

describe the pectoralis minor, its actions, and innervation

A
  • lies underneath major
  • stabilises the scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorally against thoracic wall
  • medial pectoral nerve
45
Q

describe the serratus anterior, actions, and innervation

A
  • located more laterally on chest wall
  • rotates scapula, allowing arm to be raised over 90 degrees
  • holds scapula against rib cage
  • long thoracic nerve
46
Q

describe the subclavius, action, and innervation

A
  • small muscle located underneath the clavicle, running horizontally
  • anchors and depresses the clavicle
  • nerve to subclavius
47
Q

what is the glenohumeral joint?

A

the shoulder joint

48
Q

how is the shoulder joint formed?

A

articulation between humerus and scapula

49
Q

what is the joint capsule of the shoulder joint and where does it extend from?

A

fibrous sheath enclosing structures of the joint. extends from the anatomical neck of the humerus to the rim of the glenoid fossa

50
Q

what lines the inner surface of the joint capsule in the shoulder joint?

A

synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid to reduce friction between surfaces

51
Q

how many ligaments are there in the shoulder joint and what are they?

A

4 - glenohumeral , coracohumeral, transverse humeral, coracoacromial

52
Q

describe glenohumeral ligament in the shoulder joint

A
  • humerus to glenoid fossa
  • stabilises anterior aspect
53
Q

describe the coracohumeral ligament in the shoulder joint

A
  • coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
  • supports superior part
54
Q

describe the transverse humeral ligament in the shoulder joint

A
  • extends from 2 tubercles of humerus
  • holds tendon of long head in biceps
55
Q

describe the coracoacromial ligament in the shoulder joint

A
  • extends between acromion and coracoid process of scapula
  • resists superior displacement of humeral head
56
Q

how many muscles are there in the upper arm, and how many are posterior and anterior

A

4
3 anterior = biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
1 posterior = triceps brachii

57
Q

how is the anterior compartment of the upper arm innervated?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

58
Q

what is the arterial supply to the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

brachial artery

59
Q

describe the biceps brachii and its function

A
  • 2 headed muscle
  • long originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • short originates from glenoid process in scapula
  • supination of the forearm
  • flexes arm at elbow and shoulder
60
Q

describe the brachialis and its function

A
  • lies deep to biceps brachii and found more distally
  • originates from medial and lateral humeral shaft surfaces
  • inserts into ulnar tuberosity, distal to elbow
  • flexion of elbow
61
Q

describe the coracobrachialis and its function

A
  • lies deep to biceps brachii
  • originates from coracoid process in scapula
  • flexion of the arm at shoulder, and weak adduction
62
Q

what is the arterial supply to posterior compartment of upper arm?

A

profunda brachii artery

63
Q

describe the triceps brachii and its function

A
  • 3 heads
  • medial lies deepest
  • extension of the arm at elbow
64
Q

what is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

Anatomy Year 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions