Chest and Lungs

Question 1

what is the thorax?

Answer 1

the chest

Question 2

what is the thoracic cage?

Answer 2

the rib cage

Question 3

how many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

what does the thoracic cage protect?

Answer 4

the heart and lungs

Question 5

what are ribs 1-7 known as and why?

Answer 5

true ribs as they collate to the sternum

Question 6

what are ribs 8-12 known as and why?

Answer 6

false ribs as they articulate to costal cartilage above

Question 7

what are ribs 11-12 also known as and why?

Answer 7

the floating ribs as they do not articulate to the sternum at all

Question 8

what is the posterior end of a rib also known as?

Answer 8

the head of the rib

Question 9

what does the posterior end of a typical rib articulate with?

Answer 9

primarily the costal facet located on the body of the next higher vertebra

Question 10

what can be found laterally to the head of the rib?

Answer 10

the narrowed neck of the rib

Question 11

what is the shaft of the rib?

Answer 11

the body of the rib

Question 12

what is the tubercle of the rib?

Answer 12

the small bump on the posterior rib surface

Question 13

what is lateral the tubercle and what is it?

Answer 13

the angle of the rib, it is the point at which the rib has its greatest angle of curvature

Question 14

what is the costal groove and where is it found?

Answer 14

a shallow groove that allows for the passage of blood vessels and contains the neurovascular bundle found along the inferior surface of each rib

Question 15

what is the pleura cavity?

Answer 15

the space between pleura

Question 16

what is pleura and what does it do?

Answer 16

serous fluid - acts as surface tension causes visceral to stick to parietal = efficiency of the lungs

Question 17

what is visceral pleura?

Answer 17

covers the organs

Question 18

what is parietal pleura?

Answer 18

lines the chest wall

Question 19

what are the three main parts of the sternum?

Answer 19

the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process

Question 20

what is the manubrium?

Answer 20

the most superior part of the sternumh

Question 21

where is the jugular notch?

Answer 21

on the most superior border of the manubrium

Question 22

where are the clavicular notches and what do they do?

Answer 22

found on both sides of the jugular notch, extends upward and laterally. For the articulation of the clavicles

Question 23

how many lobes does the right lung have and what are they?

Answer 23

3 lobes - superior, middle, and inferior

Question 24

how many lobes does the left lung have and what are they?

Answer 24

2 lobes - superior and inferior

Question 25

how many fissures does the right lung contain and what are the?

Answer 25

2 fissures - oblique and horizontal

Question 26

how many fissures does the left lung have and what are they?

Answer 26

1 fissure - oblique

Question 27

what is the hilum of the lung?

Answer 27

a wedge shaped area on the mediastinal surface. Structures that suspend the lung from mediastinum enter and exit here.

Question 28

what structures suspend the lung from the mediastinum? Collectively called the lung root

Answer 28

bronchus, pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins, bronchial vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

Question 29

where are nerves of the lung derived from?

Answer 29

the pulmonary plexuses

Question 30

what do the parasympathetic fibres come from?

Answer 30

derive from the vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10 CNX)

Question 31

where do the sympathetic fibres come from?

Answer 31

derived from sympathetic trunks

Question 32

what is the diaphragm and its functions?

Answer 32

the primary muscle of respiration. 2 main functions are:
1. separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
2. contraction and relaxation cause inspiration and expiration

Question 33

where is the diaphragm located?

Answer 33

can be found at the inferior most aspect of the ribcage. Acts as floor for thoracic cavity, and the roof of the abdominal cavity

Question 34

what happens during inspiration?

Answer 34

diaphragm contracts and flattens, which increases vertical dimension, causing expansion so air is drawn in

Question 35

what happens during expiration?

Answer 35

diaphragm relaxes and returns to its original dome shape. this reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity, air exits

Question 36

what nerve supplies motor innervation to the diaphragm?

Answer 36

the phrenic nerve - contains fibres from spinal roots c3,4 and 5 and originates from cervical plexus in the neck.