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Anatomy Year 2 > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

in the anatomical position, how many surfaces does the heart have and what are they?

A

5 - anterior, posterior, inferior, right and left pulmonary

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2
Q

what is the heart and where does it lie?

A

a hollow muscular pump found in the middle mediastinum

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3
Q

what chambers of the heart make up each surface? :

a) anterior
b) posterior
c) inferior
d) right pulmonary
e) left pulmonary

A

a) right ventricle
b) left atrium
c) left and right ventricles
d) right atrium
e) left ventricle

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4
Q

what are the borders of the heart and how many are there?

A

The borders separate the surfaces of the heart. There are 4 - right, inferior, left, superior

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5
Q

what chambers of the heart make up each border? :

a) right border
b) inferior border
c) left border
d) superior border

A

a) right atrium
b) left and right ventricle
c) left ventricle (some of right atrium)
d) right and left atrium and the great vessels

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6
Q

what is the aorta and its function?

A

the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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7
Q

where does the aorta arise from?

A

the aortic orifice at the base of the left ventricle, with inflow via the aortic valve

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8
Q

what is the first segment of the aorta known as and where does it lie?

A

the ascending aorta, which lies within the pericardium

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9
Q

what arteries branch from the aorta?

A

the coronary arteries

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10
Q

what is the second segment of the aorta called and what branches from it?

A

the arch of the aorta. the major arteries to the head, neck and upper limbs branch off

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11
Q

what are the major arteries that branch off the arch of the aorta?

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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12
Q

after the arch of the aorta, what does the aorta become?

A

becomes the descending aorta which continues down from the diaphragm into the abdomen

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13
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

A

receive deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and deliver it to the lungs for gas exchange

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14
Q

what is the pulmonary trunk?

A

where the pulmonary arteries begin. it is a thick and short vessel, separated from the right ventricle by the pulmonary valve.

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15
Q

where is the pulmonary trunk located?

A

anteriorly and medially to the right atrium

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16
Q

where does the pulmonary trunk split?

A

level t5-t6. splits into the left and right pulmonary arteries

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17
Q

where does the left pulmonary artery supply blood to?

A

the left lung, it splits into 2 branches for each lobe

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18
Q

where does the right pulmonary artery supply blood to and how does it differ to the left?

A

to the right lung, also splitting into 2 branches. it is thicker and longer than the left

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19
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary veins?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left side of the heart to be pumped back around the body

20
Q

how many pulmonary veins are there, and where are they located?

A

there are 4 - one superior and inferior to each of the lungs

21
Q

where do the pulmonary arteries enter and drain into?

A

enter the pericardium and drain into the superior left atrium, on the posterior surface

22
Q

what does the superior pulmonary vein return?

A

blood from the upper lobes of the lung

23
Q

what does the inferior pulmonary veins return?

A

blood from the lower lobes of the lung

24
Q

where are the inferior pulmonary veins located?

A

left found at the hilum. right runs posteriorly to to the superior vena cava and the right atrium

25
Q

what is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body, and delivers it to right atrium

26
Q

how is the superior vena cava formed?

A

merging of the brachiocephalic veins

27
Q

where is the superior vena cava located?

A

as it descends, it is on the right side of the superior mediastinum, before entering the middle mediastinum to lie beside the ascending aorta

28
Q

what is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

receive deoxygenated blood from the lower body and deliver it back to the heart through the right atrium

29
Q

where is the inferior vena cava initially formed?

A

in the pelvis by the common iliac veins

30
Q

what route does the inferior vena cava take through the body?

A

through the abdomen, collects blood from hepatic, lumbar, gonadal, renal, and phrenic veins. then passes through the diaphragm, entering pericardium at t8. drains into inferior portion of right atrium

31
Q

what is the function of the right atrium?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava, and the coronary veins. It pumps blood into the right ventricle

32
Q

what is the interatrial septum?

A

a solid muscular wall that separates the left and right atria

33
Q

what is the fossa ovalis and its origin?

A

a small oval depression in the septal wall of the right atrium. It is the embryological remnant of the of the foramen ovale in the fetal heart. It closes once the newborn takes its first breath

34
Q

what is the function of the left atrium?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the left ventricle

35
Q

what is the function of the right ventricle?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

36
Q

what is trabeculae carnae and where is it located?

A

irregular muscular elevations in the right ventricle on the interior of the inflow part

37
Q

papillary muscles are a type of trabeculae carnae, what is their function?

A

they pull on the chordae tendineae to prevent prolapse of the valve

38
Q

what is the function of the left ventricle?

A

receive oxygenated blood from the left atrium and deliver it to the aorta

39
Q

what are treculae carnae?

A

muscular ridges

40
Q

what are chordinae tendinae attached to?

A

valves

41
Q

how many valves of the heart are there?

A

4 - there are 2 atrioventricular and 2 semilunar

42
Q

what do the AV valves do?

A

close at the start of ventricular contraction (systole)

43
Q

what are the 2 AV valves and where are they located?

A

1) triscupid valve - located between right atrium and right ventricle
2) mitral valve - located between left atrium and left ventricle

44
Q

what do the semilunar valves do?

A

close at the start of ventricular relaxation (diastole)

45
Q

what are the 2 semilunar valves and where are they located?

A

1) pulmonary valve - located between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
2) aortic valve - located between left ventricle and ascending aorta

46
Q

what does coronary circulation refer to?

A

the vessels that supply and drain the heart

47
Q

what are the two main coronary arteries?

A

left and right

Anatomy Year 2 (7 decks)

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