The Sexual Body in Health and Illness Flashcards
Sexual Health
“A state of well-being in relation to sexuality across the lifespan that involves physical, emotional, mental, and social dimension” (glossary)
Terms of sexuality good health requires us to know and understand what?
Our bodies and to feel comfortable with them.
What does general health affect?
Our sexual function
Eating Disorders
Serious illness that can be fatal and causes disturbance to a person’s eating behaviors.
What does someone with an eating disorder obsess over?
Obsession with food, body weight and shape, compulsive overeating, compulsive over dieting may signal an eating disorder
What traits do most people with eating disorders have?
Traits such as: low self-esteem, perfectionism, difficulty dealing with emotions, unreasonable demands self control, fear of becoming fat
Alcohol, Drugs and Sexuality
Alcohol use and sexual behavior are risk behaviors in adolescent development; it is generally a detrimental to sexual functioning and enjoyment (Ingestion of large amounts of alcohol by males and females can lead to infertility and birth defects) Often a factor in sexual violence of all types
Sexual Disability
Rarely see media depictions of people living with disabilities or chronic illness as having a sex life
What is sexual expression is a component of?
personality, separate from erectile functioning/fertility issue
Spinal Cord Injuries
The effects on sexual response are associated with the degree of location of the injury; Individuals with must overcome previous sexual function expectations and realign them with their actual sexual capacities
Spinal Cord Injury concerns for males
Erection, Ejaculation, Fertility
Spinal Cord Injury concerns for females
Self image, Physical functioning, Sensation and response
Common chronic illnesses:
Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Arthritis
Why must a persons sexuality be adjusted when chronic illness arises?
Because medication or treatments may affect libido, capability, responsiveness, body image
Diabetes in Sexuality
Nerve damage or circulatory problems caused by diabetes can cause problems (males are usually more affected than females)
Effects of diabetes on males
Difficulty achieving erection or orgasms
Effects of diabetes on females
Frequent yeast infections, vaginal dryness
Cardiovascular Disease
Heart attack is a major event in a person’s life person may enter depression after: loss of libido, sleep habits change, loss of appetite fatigue; following a heart attack most people can start having sex again 3-6 weeks after the condition is stable (if physician agrees)
Arthritis
Pain and stiffening that accompanies may may intimacy difficult
Developmental Disorders
Diverse population; Lifelong chronic conditions physical and /or mental; Education is very important
Sexual rights of people with disabilities
Right to sexual expression, Right to privacy, Right to be informed about and have access to needed service (counseling, medical care, contraception), Right to choose one’s marital status, Right to have/not have children, Right to make one’s own decision and develop to full potential
Breast Cancer
2nd leading cause of cancer deaths in females
Risk Factors of Breast Cancer
Female, Age, Family history, Genes (BRCA 1 & BRCA 2), Starting menstruation before 12 or menopause after 55, Combo hormone therapy in menopause more than 5 years, Sedentary, Overweight/obese after menopause
Detection of Breast Cancer
Early regular screenings such as Mammograms or MRIs (often used in conjunction with a mammogram to screen high risk patients); most lumps 75%-80% are non cancerous still need to be check out
Breast Cancer in Males
Less common (lifetime risk is 1 in 833); About 2,670 new cases of invasive breast cancer be diagnosed @500 deaths; Average age males at diagnosis 72
Breast Cancer Treatment Options
Lumpectomy, Mastectomy, Chemotherapy
Lumpectomy
Removal of only the breast lump followed by radiation
Mastectomy
Removal of breast tissue and sometimes nearby tissue
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy, radiation, targeted therapy
Cervical Cancer
For most women CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia aka: cervical dysplasia) will remain unchanged and go away without treatment; cervical dysplasia may lead to cancer can take 10 or more years to develop into cancer (Estimate 13,000 new cases in 2017 with nearly 4,000 women dying from the disease)
Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer
HPV, Chlamydia infection, Poor diet, Many partners, Mother given Diethlsillbestrol (DES) during pregnancy, Long term birth control pills, Cigarette smoke, Low socioeconomic status
Detection of Cervical Cancer
Pap test is the most reliable means of early detection of cervical cancer (detects changes in the cells)
Treatments for Cervical Cancer
Biopsy: (removal of tissue) some clear up on their own so a doctor may follow up Pap in a few months
Ovarian Cancer
Odds of a woman getting ovarian cancer is 1 in 75; Evidence has shown that pregnancy, breastfeeding, tubal ligation, and oral contraception lower the risk of cancer (Hard to diagnose because of no symptoms )
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Bloating, abdominal swelling, pelvic pressure, difficulty eating, feeling full quickly, urinary symptoms
Prostate Cancer
Most common form of cancer in men (excluding skin cancer); 2nd highest number of deaths among men diagnosed with cancer (1 in 7 will get prostate cancer)
Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer
Age, Family history, African American
Which areas is Prostate Cancer more common in?
More common in North American and Northwestern Europe than Asia & Africa Central and South America
Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Difficulty and pain urinating
pain in pelvic/back
blood in urine or semen
difficulty having an erection
Detection of Prostate Cancer
PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) levels can be high with males having hyperplasia
Testicular Cancer
½ of cases occur between 20-34; Risk of developing testicular cancer is 1 in 263 in a man’s lifetime
Risks of Testicular Cancer
Family hx, undescended testicle, age, cancer of other testicle (Male who has testicular cancer has a 3% chance of development in other testicle)
Warning signs of Testicular Cancer
Lump, swelling, discomfort in scrotum, back pain
Treatment for Testicular Cancer
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, highly treatable
Toxic Shock Syndrome
caused by the staphyloccus aureus bacterium (organism is normally in the body); overgrowth is formed usually to tampons
Risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Teenage girls and women under 30 are at highest risk (overall risk is low); can be treated
Warning Signs of Toxic Shock Syndrome
Diarrhea, vomiting, fainting rash
Endometriosis
Most common gynecologist disease (affects 5.5 million women in the US)
growth of endometrial tissue outward into the organs surrounding the uterus; 2%-10% of women of reproductive years have the disorder; cause has not been identified
How many women with Endometriosis are infertile?
30%-40% of women with endometriosis are infertile
Symptoms of Endometriosis
Pain, painful cramps or periods, heavy periods, intestinal pain, pain during or after sex, infertility
Treatment for Endometriosis
Hormone therapy, surgery if needed, pain therapy
DON”T FORGET ABOUT DIAGRAM
of Endometriosis
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland; Can cause difficulty with urination, pain in the groin, pelvic area or genitals, flu like symptoms (Most common cause of urinary tract problem for males under 50); Treatment depends on the type
