THE SELF FROM SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES Flashcards
A social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them.
SOCIOLOGY
Parts of societies
institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, or age groups
All the products of human interaction, the experience of living with others around us
SOCIETY
Humanly created organization or system of interrelationships that connects individuals in a common culture.
SOCIETY
The arrangement of the parts that constitute society, the organization of social positions and distribution of people within those positions.
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Socially defined positions (student, professor, administrator)
STATUS
Every status carries a cluster of expected behaviors, how a person in that status is expected to think, feel, as well
Roles
Two or more people regularly interacting on the basis of shared expectations of others’ behavior; interrelated statuses
GROUP
Patterns of activity reproduced across time and space. Practices that are regularly and continuously repeated.
Often concern basic living arrangements that human beings work out in the interactions with one another and by means of which continuity is achieved across generations.
INSTITUTIONS
A vague term that refers to the pattern within culture and
organization through which social action takes place; arrangements of roles, organizations, institutions, and cultural
symbols that are stable over time, often unnoticed, and a changing almost invisibly.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Incorporates both culture and the resources of social organization.
Social Structure
A group of people with similar socioeconomic status or standing within the society based on the level of income, education, and occupation
SOCIAL CLASS
3 PRIMARY SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE PHILIPPINES
low-income class
middle-income class
high-income class
People are allowed to move from one status or class to another class (e.g. from Poor to Low-Middle Class)
SOCIAL MOBILITY
“For policy-making and public service purposes, the Philippine government looks at the_________ (in relation to the poverty threshold) to classify the income level of its citizens and to assess their standard of living.”
per capita income
Used Social Behaviorism approach to describe the power of environment in shaping human behavior.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
His concept of Self: a dimension of personality that is made up of individual’s self-awareness and self-image
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
Developmental Stages:
- Preparatory Stage
- Play Stage
- Game Stage
Approximate 0-3 years old. There is no sense of self at birth but develops over time. The development is based on social interaction and social experience.
THE PREPARATORY STAGE
IN PREPARATORY STAGE, where Children’s behavior are primarily based on ________. _______ are the basis of communication.
IMITATION & SYMBOLS
Approximate 3-5 years old. Knowing and understanding the language and symbols of communication is the basis for socialization.
THE PLAY STAGE
In play stage, children learn to ______ and pretend to be other people.
Role-play
Approximate: early school years / 8-9 years old. Child begins to see not just his perspective but also the perspective of those around him.
THE GAME STAGE
These are important people who take care of
them, whose opinions, values, and behaviors matter to them (ex. Teachers, parents, peers)
Significant Others
A person can be a teacher, mom, and a sister at the same time.
Multiple Roles
Term used for expected behaviors, norms, and values of the society as a whole
Generalized Others
THEORY OF THE SELF
(The Self is composed of 2 Divisions)
I & ME
- Personal responses to Social Self (me)
- Individual identity
- Subjective
I
- What society thinks of me (Social Self)
- Objective
ME
Used Sociopsychological approach in understanding society. He believed that an individual strives to meet the needs of the society and the society helps him to attain his goals
Charles Cooley
Theorized that the sense of self is formed in two ways: by one’s actual experiences and by what one imagines others’ ideas of oneself to be—a phenomenon Cooley called the ______.
Looking glass self
The person whom a person interacts with become a mirror in which s/he views himself/herself.
Looking-glass self
_______ or ______ is achieved through
three-fold event:
1. A person imagine how he appears to others
2. A person imagine how others judge/evaluate/perceive him
3. A person develops a reaction or identity based on other’s evaluations
Self-image or self-identity
Criticism about the Looking-glass self: May develop _________ if the basis is from others whose perceptions differ from time to time.
wrong self-identity
Criticism about the Looking-glass self: May develop negative self-image if the person thinks/imagines that s/he is _________.
perceived unfavorably.
Used a theatrical metaphor of stage, actors, and audience to observe and analyze the intricacies of social interaction (known as the dramaturgical perspective)
Erving Goffman
The self is made up of the various parts that people play, and a key goal of social actors is to present their various selves in ways that create and sustain particular impressions to their different audiences.
Dramaturgical Approach (a.k.a. Impression management)
Observed in situations where face-saving are resorted to in the maintenance of a proper image of the self in frustrating and embarrassing situations
Face-Work
Sometimes called impression management because part of playing a role for others is to control the impression they have of you. Each person’s performance has a specific goal in mind.
Dramaturgical Approach (a.k.a. Impression management)
A stage of DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH (a.k.a. Impression management) that refers to actions that are observed by others. An actor on a stage is playing a certain role and expected to act in a certain way
Front stage
A stage of DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH (a.k.a. Impression management), that means how people act when they are relaxed or unobserved.
Back stage
According to him, the attainment and sustainability of self-identity are freely chosen and no longer restricted by traditions, which paves way for infinite possibilities for self-cultivation.
Gerry Lanuza
(demeans human dignity)
dehumanization
(a stranger to your own self)
alienation
According to Gerry Lanuza, there’s a need to discover the ___________ of the self for an individual to freely work towards self-realization.
authentic core
Exposes the negative consequences postmodernity to society.
Jean Baudrillard
According to Jean Baudrillard, the self may be in a never-ending search for _______ in the postmodern society.
prestige
It structures the postmodern society
CONSUMPTION
