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UTS > The Self from Philosophical Perspectives > Flashcards

The Self from Philosophical Perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

It employs the inquisitive mind to discover the
ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything. It goes beyond scientific investigation by exploring all areas of knowledge such as religion, psychology, politics, physics and even
medicine.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

Philia & Sophia

A

Love & Wisdom

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3
Q

PHILOSOPHERS

A

Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
St. Augustine
Descartes
Locke
Hume
Kant
Ryle
Churchland
Merleau-Ponty

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4
Q

“An unexamined life is not worth living.”

A

SOCRATES

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5
Q

Know Yourself
Tells each man to bring his inner self to light

A

Socrates

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6
Q

One has to self-examine and discuss about the self as this is a duty to achieve what is the greatest good to a life. It is the goal of Socrative
perspective to better the quality of human life through consistent self-examination.

A

Socratic Method

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7
Q

One has to self-examine and discuss about the self as this is a duty to achieve what is the greatest good to a life. It is the goal of Socrative
perspective to better the quality of human life through consistent self-examination.

A

Socratic Method

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8
Q

Changeable, transient, and imperfect. The body belong in this realm

A

Physical Realm (Socrates)

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9
Q

Unchanging, eternal, and immortal. The intellectual essences of the universe, concepts such as truth, goodness, beauty, and soul belong to this realm.

A

Ideal Realm (Socrates)

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10
Q

According to Socrates, what is the key to a virtuous life?

A

constant self-examination/introspection

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11
Q

The ideal self, the perfect self
Man was all-knowing before he came to be born into this world.

A

Plato

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12
Q

“The self is an immortal soul.”

A

Plato

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13
Q

A part of soul according to Plato that loves
truth, which should rule over the other parts of the soul through the use of reason. Thinks deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

A

rational part/reason

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14
Q

A part of soul according to Plato which desires
food, drink, and sex. Basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

A

appetitive part/physical appetite

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15
Q

A part of soul according to Plato which loves honor and victory. Basic emotions such as love, anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy.

A

spirited part/passion

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16
Q

Can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that their Reason is in control of their Spirits and Appetites.

A

Genuine happiness

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17
Q

Love is the force that paves way for all beings to ascent to higher stages of self-realization and
perfection.

A

Theory of Love and Becomin

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18
Q

According to Plato, love begins in the experience that there is something _____. Then it drives that person to seek what is lacking. All thoughts and efforts are directed towards the pursuit of that
which is lacking. The deeper the thought, the stronger the love.

A

lacking

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19
Q

Love is way of knowing and realizing the truth. It is a process of seeking __________. The greater the love, the more intellectual component it will contain.

A

higher stages of being

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20
Q

THEORY OF FORMS: permanent and real

A

World of Forms (Non-Physical Ideas)

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21
Q

THEORY OF FORMS: temporary and only a replica of the ideal world.

A

World of Sense (Reality)

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22
Q

“the soul is the essence of the self.”

A

ARISTOTLE

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23
Q

“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”

A

Aristotle

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24
Q

Aristotle suggests that the rational nature of the self, which can be attained in self-actualization, is to lead a _____, _____ and _____.

A

good, flourishing, and fulfilling life

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25
Q

The pursuit of happiness is a search for a good life that includes doing _____ actions.

A

virtuous

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26
Q

He believes that the soul is merely a set of defining features and does not consider the body and soul as separate entities

A

Aristotle

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27
Q

For him, anything with life has a soul. Humans differ because of their rational capacity.

A

Aristotle

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28
Q

THREE KINDS OF SOUL:

» physical body that can grow

A

VEGETATIVE SOUL

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29
Q

THREE KINDS OF SOUL:

» sensual desires, feelings, and emotions

A

SENTIENT SOUL

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30
Q

THREE KINDS OF SOUL:

» intellect that allows man to know and understand things

A

RATIONAL SOUL

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31
Q

“the self has an immortal soul”

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

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32
Q

The measure of love is to love without measure.

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

33
Q

Stressed that the mind is superior over the body. And uderstanding the self and the formation of identity is achieved through introspection.

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

34
Q

TWO PROCESS according to ST. AUGUSTINE OF
HIPPO

A

Self-presentation leading to self-realization

35
Q

TWO REALMS OF THOUGHTS:

A

> > God as the source of all reality and truth
The sinfulness of man

36
Q

Develops a fundamental concept of human person, “I am doubting, therefore I am.”

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

37
Q

According to ST. AUGUSTINE OF
HIPPO, all things are worthy to love but they must be loved properly. If man lovesGod, first, and everything else to a lesser degree then all will fall into rightful place.

A

THE ROLE OF LOVE

38
Q

“I think therefore I am”

A

RENÉ DESCARTES

39
Q

The soul and the body can function without the other.

A

RENÉ DESCARTES

40
Q

Is the keystone of his beliefs. It means that if you are able to doubt, question, or think about anything, then you must exist. The very act of thinking proves that you are a real, conscious being. Even if everything else could be an illusion or a trick, the fact that you are able to doubt or think shows that you definitely exist.

A

Cogito Ergo Sum (I think therefore I am)

41
Q

The ___________ about the self – of being self-conscious – is in itself proof that there is a self.

A

act of thinking

42
Q

TWO (2) DIMENSIONS:
nonmaterial, immortal, conscious being, independent of the physical laws of the universe. (thinks, reasons, doubts, and engages in intellectual activities)

A

The Self as Thinking Entity

43
Q

TWO (2) DIMENSIONS:
material, mortal, fully governed by thelaws of nature (This dimension encompasses the entire material world, including bodies, objects, and the physical environment. Unlike the mind, which is immaterial, the extended substance is characterized by its spatial properties, such as size, shape, and location)

A

The Self as a Physical Body

44
Q

“the self is consciousness”

A

JOHN LOCKE

45
Q

Personal Identity

A

JOHN LOCKE

46
Q

John Locke

At birth, the mind is a blank slate without innate
ideas, and it is experience that provides us knowledge provided by sensory [hear, smell, taste, see, feel] experiences and reflections

A

Tabula Rasa

47
Q

Knowledge results from ideas produced by objects that were experienced.

A

JOHN LOCKE

48
Q

TWO (2) FORMS ON PROCESSING KNOWLEDGE: wherein objects are experienced through the senses

A

Sensation

49
Q

TWO (2) FORMS ON PROCESSING KNOWLEDGE: the mind looks at the objects that were experienced to discover the relationships that may exists between them. It involves the mind’s ability to consider and analyze its own thoughts and experiences.

A

Reflection

50
Q

“there is no self”

A

DAVID HUME

51
Q

The self is the bundle theory of the mind.

A

DAVID HUME

52
Q

According to DAVID HUME, the mind receives materials from the senses and calls it ____.

A

perception

53
Q

According to DAVID HUME, the mind receives materials from the senses and calls it ____.

A

perception

54
Q

TWO (2) TYPES OF PERCEPTIONS:

» basic sensations such as hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold and heat

A

Impressions

55
Q

TWO (2) TYPES OF PERCEPTIONS

» thoughts and images from impressions, less lively and vivid

A

Ideas

56
Q

people have no experience of a simple and individual impression that they can call self where the self is the totality of a person’s conscious life.

A

Skeptical claim

57
Q

“we construct our self”

A

IMMANUEL KANT

58
Q

Respect for self

A

IMMANUEL KANT

59
Q

Kant combined the idea of _____ (knowledge through reasoning) and ______ (knowledge through senses)

A

rationalism & empiricism

60
Q

Believes that human experiences make up our persona

A

IMMANUEL KANT

61
Q

Pertains to the experience of the self and its unity with objects

A

Transcendental Self / Apperception

62
Q

(things as they are in themselves)

A

noumena

63
Q

(things as they appear)

A

phenomena

64
Q

Path to true knowledge

A

» Rationalism & Empiricism
» Transcendental Self

65
Q

“the self is the way people behave”

A

GILBERT RYLE

66
Q

The self is a pattern of behavior.

A

GILBERT RYLE

67
Q

According to GILBERT RYLE, the _____ is a pattern of behavior., tendency to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances

A

self

68
Q

The self is the same as bodily behavior.

A

I Act Therefore I Am

69
Q

TWO (2) TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE:

» knowing facts or information

A

Knowing That

70
Q

TWO (2) TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

» using facts/information in the performance of some skill or technical abilities

A

Knowing How

71
Q

“the self is the brain”

A

PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
& PAUL CHURCHLAND

72
Q

The self is inseparable from the brain and the body.

A

PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
& PAUL CHURCHLAND

73
Q

The study of philosophy of the mind, the philosophy of
science, neuroscience, and psychology

A

neurophilosophy

74
Q

According to them, the self is inseparable from the brain and the body. If there is no brain, there is no self.

A

PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
& PAUL CHURCHLAND

75
Q

The mind and the body are unified, not separate.

A

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

76
Q

“the self is embodied subjectivity”

A

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

77
Q

Argues that all knowledge about the self is based on the ‘phenomena’ of experience. A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen.

A

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

78
Q

Perception is not merely a consequence of sensory experience, rather, it is a conscious experience. Action is required in the formation of self-perception as well as self-concept.

A

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

UTS (6 decks)

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