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Edexcel History A-Level (Paper 1, Option 1F: In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917– 96)- Theme 2/ The quest for civil rights, 1917–80 > The search for minority rights, 1960–80 > Flashcards

The search for minority rights, 1960–80 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Federal Agency that passed policies relating to Native Americans?

A

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)

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2
Q

When was ‘termination’ for Native Americans passed?

A

1953

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3
Q

What was ‘termination’ for Native Americans?

A

Native Americans are freed from federal control and protected by US federal and State laws, but tribal lands will be sold

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4
Q

What were the two main issues for Native Americans?

A

Tribal homelands and self-determination

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5
Q

When was the Indian Removal Act

A

1830

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6
Q

By which decade were the Native American Indian Removal Act treaties declared to be unfair?

A

1960s

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7
Q

From when did the BIA run the Indian Boarding Schools board?

A

1893

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8
Q

What did the 1887 Dawes Act do?

A

Split the land up into individual allotments to be awarded by government

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9
Q

When was the Indian Civil Rights Act?

A

1968

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10
Q

What was the Indian Civil Rights Act?

A

Banned tribes from restricting the civil rights of tribal members

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11
Q

When was the American Indian Movement (AIM) setup?

A

1968

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12
Q

What was the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) slogan?

A

‘Red Power’

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13
Q

When was the Indian Relocation Act?

A

1956

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14
Q

What did the Indian Relocation Act encourage?

A

Native Americans aged 18-35 to move to cities (it was unsuccessful since tribes became dislocated)

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15
Q

For how long did the Alcatraz Red Power Movement (ARPM) occupy Alcatraz

A

1969-1971

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16
Q

What was AIM’s membership by 1971

A

4,500

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17
Q

There were two protests in 1971 by Native Americans, where were they?

A

Fort Snelling, Minnesota and Black Hills of Dakota (protest about land ownership)

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18
Q

Which organisation was AIM’s trail of broken treaties in 1972 aimed at?

A

BIA (they occupied the government building in protest of the management)

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19
Q

How long did AIM’s occupation of Wounded Knee in 1973 last for?

A

71 days

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20
Q

What was the 1973 Longest Walk from San Francisco to Washington in protest against?

A

Removal of Indian’s from their homeland and Congress’ unwillingness to renegotiate treaties

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21
Q

Which President rejected both ‘termination’ and forced assimilation?

A

Nixon

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22
Q

When was the Indian Education Act for funding of Tribal schools pass?

A

1972

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23
Q

When did Indian Self-Financing Act that provided funding for tribes pass?

A

1974

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24
Q

When did the Indian Self Determination act that ruled out the BIA from services in health and education pass?

A

1975

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25
Q

What did the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act do?

A

Gave Native Americans more control over the adoption of Native Americans

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26
Q

When did Congress return Blue Lake to the Taos Pueblo tribe?

A

1970

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27
Q

The 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act had what provisions?

A

40 million acres and $462.5 million

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28
Q

Which state continued to evict Indians from land if the state wanted to use it for building?

A

Hawaii

29
Q

How many Mexicans signed up to be part of the bracero programme between 1942 and 1964?

A

4.6 million contracts

30
Q

What were the 4 main issues for Hispanic Americans?

A

Land, Workers’ rights, Discrimination and deportation

31
Q

Which state was of particular issue regarding land rights for Hispanic Americans?

A

New Mexico

32
Q

In which programme were conditions for Hispanic workers considered to be appalling?

A

Bracero programme

33
Q

How many people were deported as a result of ‘Operation Wetback’ between 1953 and 1958?

A

3.8 million

34
Q

Who was the leader of the non-violent movement for Hispanic American workers’ rights?

A

Cesar Chavez

35
Q

Which Hispanic American leader for Mexican land rights organised marches, mass demonstrations and camp-ins on National Forest Land?

A

Reies Lopez Tijerana

36
Q

Who organized the Denver War on Poverty campaign and Crusade for Justice campaigns?

A

Rodolfo Gonzales

37
Q

Who led the organisation, La Raza Unida, encouraging people to vote?

A

Jose Angel Gutierrez

38
Q

When were the Brown Berets setup?

A

1967

39
Q

When was Cesar Chavez’s National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) setup?

A

1962

40
Q

When did the NFWA and the Filipino Agricultural Workers Organising Committee (AWOC) unite to form the United Farm Workers Organising Committee (UFWOC)?

A

1966

41
Q

When was Chavez’s 25 day fast?

A

1968

42
Q

How many students protested in East LA (mainly Mexican from schools) about conditions?

A

Over 10,000

43
Q

When did the Brown Berets march in protest against police brutality and discrimination?

A

1971

44
Q

When were the farm workers’ contracts not renewed from the original contracts in 1970?

A

1973

45
Q

What did California’s Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975 setup?

A

Rights for farm workers to unionise

46
Q

What did the 1975 Voting Rights Act extension provide?

A

Language assistance at polling stations

47
Q

When did the Supreme Court rule that Hispanic Americans were equal?

A

1954

48
Q

When did the Stonewall Inn incident that led to riots and the formation of the gay rights movement?

A

28 June 1969

49
Q

On 28 August 1970, how many people attended the New York Gay Pride March?

A

10,000

50
Q

In which cities did highly visible gay communities spring up?

A

San Francisco, New York (Greenwich Village in particular), Chicago and Seattle

51
Q

What percentage of people believed in equal rights for gays in 1977?

A

50%

52
Q

Who in 1974 became the first openly gay candidate elected to public office?

A

Kathy Kozachenko

53
Q

When was Harvey Milk elected to be a member of the San Francisco board of supervisors?

A

1977

54
Q

What was Proposition 6?

A

A law proposed in California in 1978 to ban gays, lesbians and supporters of their rights from working in state funded schools

55
Q

When was Harvey Milk and the pro-gay mayor of San Francisco assassinated?

A

27 November 1978

56
Q

When was the first Supreme Court Ruling in favour of gays?

A

1958 (refused to let the postal service ban a gay magazine as ‘obscene’)

57
Q

When was the First Reminder Day (an anti-discrimination protest in Philadelphia)?

A

4 July 1965

58
Q

New York City Commission on human rights ruled gays must be served in bars in what year?

A

1966

59
Q

What did the North American Conference of Homophile Organisations issue in 1968?

A

The Homosexual Bill of Rights, calling for equality

60
Q

On the anniversary of Stonewall, marches were held in which city?

A

New York, Chicago, San Francisco and LA

61
Q

When did the American Psychiatric Association remove homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses?

A

15 December 1973

62
Q

How long was Dan White, Harvey Milk’s assassin, sentence?

A

7 years

63
Q

How many marched on San Francisco’s city hall as a result of Dan White’s sentencing?

A

21 May 1979

64
Q

When was the National March on Washington for lesbian and gay rights?

A

14 October 1979 (urged protective legislation)

65
Q

What did the Democratic Party say in August of 1980 in favour of gay rights?

A

The Democrats will not discriminate against gays and will campaign for their rights

66
Q

How many openly gay state judges were appointed by the Governor of California between 1979 and 1981?

A

4

67
Q

When did Dade County, Florida propose a law to stop discrimination in housing, public facilities and employment?

A

1977

68
Q

Who was the spokeswoman who campaigned against the law that Dade County, Florida were trying to pass to stop discrimination?

A

Anita Bryan (formed the Save Our Children)

Edexcel History A-Level (Paper 1, Option 1F: In search of the American Dream: the USA, c1917– 96)- Theme 2/ The quest for civil rights, 1917–80 (3 decks)

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