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edexcel history a-level (paper 1, option 1f: in search of the american dream: the usa, c1917– 96)- theme 2/ the quest for civil rights, 1917–80 > Black American civil rights, c1955–80 > Flashcards

Black American civil rights, c1955–80 Flashcards

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1
Q

What phrase used in the Brown vs Board of Education 1955 ruling hampered the progress of desegregation?

A

‘with all deliberate speed’

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2
Q

When did the Montgomery Bus Boycott end?

A

5 December 1955

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3
Q

For how long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last?

A

380 days

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4
Q

Who organised the Montgomery Bus boycott?

A

The MIA (Montgomery Improvement Association) with MLK

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5
Q

What percentage of people using the buses boycotted?

A

75% of users were black, and 90% of the Black African Americans boycotted

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6
Q

When did the Supreme Court rule bus segregation unconstitutional?

A

13 November 1956

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7
Q

When was incident of Little Rock, Arkansas?

A

4 September 1957

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8
Q

When was the Greensboro sit in?

A

1 February 1960

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9
Q

How many students participated in the Greensboro sit in?

A

30

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10
Q

When was the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) setup?

A

15 April 1960

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11
Q

What was one of the jobs of the SNCC?

A

Encourage voter registration

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12
Q

When were the Freedom rides?

A

1961

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13
Q

Why were the Freedom rides undertaken?

A

Morgan vs Virginia (1946) and Boynton vs Virginia (1960) rulings for the desegregation of buses

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14
Q

When were the Birmingham, Alabama riots?

A

1963

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15
Q

Who was the racist chief of police during the Birmingham Alabama riots?

A

‘Bull’ Connor

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16
Q

After the Birmingham Alabama riots, what percentage of people thought race was the USA’s most pressing problem?

A

42%

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17
Q

When was freedom summer?

A

1964

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18
Q

How many of the 17,000 who tried to register to vote during Freedom Summer were accepted?

A

1,600

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19
Q

When were the Black Panthers formed?

A

1966

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20
Q

Stokely Carmichael was the leader of which organisation in 1965?

A

SNCC

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21
Q

Carmichael suggested that the calls for ‘freedom’ should be replace with calls for…

A

‘Black Power’

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22
Q

Which major cities had riots in 1964?

A

New York, Chicago, Philadelphia

23
Q

How much aid was given LA in 1965 after the riots there in 1965?

A

$18 million

24
Q

When did 102 southern Congressman sign the Southern Manifesto condemning the Brown vs Board of Education ruling?

A

12 March 1956

25
Q

How many troops had to aid in the integration of the University of Mississippi in 1962?

A

3000

26
Q

In 1963 Kennedy had to interfere in which state to desegregate the University after the Governor prevented two black students from doing so?

A

Alabama

27
Q

When was the March on Washington?

A

28 August 1963?

28
Q

How many people attended the March on Washington?

A

200,000 to 500,000

29
Q

When was the Selma march?

A

1965

30
Q

When did the Northern Crusade by MLK begin?

A

1966

31
Q

What issues did the Northern Crusade highlight?

A

Unions, working conditions, teaching, poverty

32
Q

When was the Fair Housing Act that addressed land discrimination?

A

1968

33
Q

When was the National Housing Act that gave low interest long term loans?

A

1934

34
Q

What was the Civil Rights Act passed?

A

1964

35
Q

When was the Voting Rights Act passed?

A

1965

36
Q

When was the Heart of Atlanta motel vs United States ruling?

A

1964

37
Q

What was the Heart of Atlanta motel vs United States ruling?

A

Private businesses had to abide by the 1964 Civil Rights Act

38
Q

What did the 1957 Civil Rights Act do?

A

Set up a Civil Rights Commission, and gives the federal justice department more rights to supervise voter registration

39
Q

What did the 1960 Civil Rights Act do?

A

It’s a crime to obstruct federal orders by threat or force and authorises federal ‘referees’ for voting

40
Q

When was Kennedy’s Executive order that banned discrimination in the allocation of federal housing?

A

1962

41
Q

Which commission did the 1964 Civil Rights Act setup?

A

Equal Opportunities commission

42
Q

What did the 1964 Civil Rights do?

A

Ban discrimination for sex or race in hiring, firing and promoting

43
Q

What did the 1965 Voting Rights Act do?

A

Ban any attempts to stop people voting; provisions for federal enforcement for 5 years

44
Q

In which years was the Voting Rights Act provisions reconfirmed?

A

1970, 1975, 1982 and 2007

45
Q

When was the Emergency School Aid Act that provided funding for schools that desegregating?

A

1970

46
Q

When was the second Emergency School Aid Act passed?

A

1972

47
Q

When was the Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling?

A

1971

48
Q

What was the Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruling?

A

Upholds policy of busing children out of poor areas to desegregated schools

49
Q

When was the Education Amendments Act that restricted busing by giving more money to inner-city schools for improvements?

A

1972

50
Q

What percentage of Black African Americans voted in 1966 and 1980?

A

58.2% and 60%

51
Q

What did the socio-economic score of Professional Black Americans rise to between 1940 and 1980?

A

16 to 31

52
Q

What did affirmative action orders create within the workplace?

A

‘minority quotas’

53
Q

In 1980, what percentage of black high school drop outs, aged 25-34, have a criminal record?

A

75%

edexcel history a-level (paper 1, option 1f: in search of the american dream: the usa, c1917– 96)- theme 2/ the quest for civil rights, 1917–80 (3 decks)

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