the sciency stuff Flashcards
what is the cardiovascular systems three main functions??
transportation-things around the bloodstream like oxygen and co2
temperature regulation
clotting of wounds
name the parts of the heart
left and right atrium( top chamber)
left and right ventricle( lower chamber)
pulmonary veins( left side blood entry)
aorta(left side pumps to body)
inferior vena cava (right side, blood entry)
pulmonary artery (right side, blood to lungs)
semi-lunar valve( in pulmonary artery)
tricuspid valve( right atrium and ventricle)
bicuspid valve( left atrium and ventricle)
name the three different blood vessels and their properties
artery’s- thick walls muscle fibres and elastic due to high pressure, small lumen
veins- thin walls, large lumen, valves to prevent backflow
capillaries- one cell think, thin walls to allow diffusion
what is out blood made up of??
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
how is our blood redistributed around our body during exercise?
via vascular shunting
vasodilation- expansion
vasoconstriction- narrowing
describe the structure of the respiratory system
trachea- bronchi- bronchioles- alveoli
describe mechanics of inspiration.
intercostal muscles contract moving ribs up and out, the diaphragm contracts causing it to flatter, the chest cavity gets bigger so pressure decreases in the lungs and air goes into the lungs as it goes from high to low pressure
describe mechanics of expiration
the intercostal muscles relax moving ribs in and down, the diaphragm relaxes causing it to become dome shaped and the chest cavity decreases so pressure increases on the lungs forcing air out
% of gases in air:
INHALED!
oxygen- 21%
carbon dioxide- 0.04%
nitrogen-79%
EXHALED!
oxygen-16%
carbon dioxide-4%
nitrogen-79%
what is tidal volume?
the amount of air you breath in or out in one breath
what is vital capacity?
the most air you can breath in
what is the equation for aerobic exercise?
glucose+oxygen> carbon dioxide+water+energy
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose>lactic acid+ energy
name the short term effects of exercise
muscle fatigue, oxygen debt, breathing depth and rate increases, heart rate increases.
what is stroke volume?
the amount of blood each ventricle pumps with each contraction
