long&short term effects and injury

Question 1

what is a strain?

Answer 1

where a muscle or tendon tears or stretches too far

Question 2

what is concussion?

Answer 2

sudden but short term loss of mental function by a blow to the head

Question 3

what is a fracture?

Answer 3

a broken bone

Question 4

what is a dislocation?

Answer 4

when bones are displaced at a joint

Question 5

what is tennis elbow?

Answer 5

overuse injury of muscles and tendons used to straighten your wrist

Question 6

what is a sprain?

Answer 6

when a ligament stretches too far or tears

Question 7

what is torn cartilage?

Answer 7

connective tissue tears

Question 8

what is golfers elbow?

Answer 8

overuse injury by overusing he muscle and tendons used to flex your wrist

Question 9

what is an abrasion?

Answer 9

a layer of skin rubbed off

Question 10

what is the RICE procedure used for?

Answer 10

to treat strains and sprains

Question 11

what does RICE stand for?

Answer 11

rest
ice
compress
elevate

Question 12

what are the five rules to follow to avoid injury?

Answer 12

correctly applying principles of training

a correct application and adherence to the rules

use of protective clothing

check equipment

check facilities

warm up and cool down properly

Question 13

what are the four stages to warming up?

Answer 13

pulse raising
stretching and joint mobilisation
sport specific drills
-psychological- only need in p2

Question 14

what are the three stages to cooling down?

Answer 14

pulse lowering
active static stretching
developmental stretching

Question 15

what are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

Answer 15

increase in tidal volume
increase in frequency
increase in minute ventilation

Question 16

what are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

increase in heart rate
increase in stroke volume
increase in cardiac output

Question 17

what are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?

Answer 17

increase in energy released from muscles
increase in lactic acid leading to muscle fatigue
lack of oxygen leading to oxygen debt

Question 18

long term affects of exercise on the muscular system

Answer 18

muscle hypertrophy (thicker muscles)
increased bone density 
stringer ligaments and tendons (less likely to get injured)

Question 19

long term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system (5)

Answer 19

1-bigger/stronger heart (cardiac hypertrophy) =increase stroke volume and cardiac output
2-lower blood pressure
3-more capillaries in muscles (capilliarisation)
4-more red blood cells
5-larger kung capacity due to strength in diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 20

what are anabolic steroids?

who would use them?

Answer 20

man made testosterone, body builder

Question 21

what are beta blockers ?

who would use them?

Answer 21

block effects of adrenaline, archer

Question 22

what are diuretics?

who would use them?

Answer 22

increase volume of urine removed from the body, boxer

Question 23

what are narcotic analgesics?

who would use them?

Answer 23

drugs that relive pain

any injured athlete

Question 24

what are peptide hormones EPO ?

who would use them?

Answer 24

they regulate the production of red blood cells

distance runner

Question 25

what are growth hormone( GH)?

who would use them?

Answer 25

stimulate muscle, cartilage and bone growth

weight lifter/sprinter

Question 26

what are stimulants?

who would use them?

Answer 26

act on CNS and speed up brain and body

sprinter

Question 27

what is blood doping?

who would use them?

Answer 27

a method when you take out your own blood and the put it back in to get more red blood cells

endurance athlete