long&short term effects and injury Flashcards
what is a strain?
where a muscle or tendon tears or stretches too far
what is concussion?
sudden but short term loss of mental function by a blow to the head
what is a fracture?
a broken bone
what is a dislocation?
when bones are displaced at a joint
what is tennis elbow?
overuse injury of muscles and tendons used to straighten your wrist
what is a sprain?
when a ligament stretches too far or tears
what is torn cartilage?
connective tissue tears
what is golfers elbow?
overuse injury by overusing he muscle and tendons used to flex your wrist
what is an abrasion?
a layer of skin rubbed off
what is the RICE procedure used for?
to treat strains and sprains
what does RICE stand for?
rest
ice
compress
elevate
what are the five rules to follow to avoid injury?
correctly applying principles of training
a correct application and adherence to the rules
use of protective clothing
check equipment
check facilities
warm up and cool down properly
what are the four stages to warming up?
pulse raising
stretching and joint mobilisation
sport specific drills
-psychological- only need in p2
what are the three stages to cooling down?
pulse lowering
active static stretching
developmental stretching
what are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?
increase in tidal volume
increase in frequency
increase in minute ventilation
what are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?
increase in heart rate
increase in stroke volume
increase in cardiac output
what are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?
increase in energy released from muscles
increase in lactic acid leading to muscle fatigue
lack of oxygen leading to oxygen debt
long term affects of exercise on the muscular system
muscle hypertrophy (thicker muscles) increased bone density stringer ligaments and tendons (less likely to get injured)
long term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system (5)
1-bigger/stronger heart (cardiac hypertrophy) =increase stroke volume and cardiac output
2-lower blood pressure
3-more capillaries in muscles (capilliarisation)
4-more red blood cells
5-larger kung capacity due to strength in diaphragm and intercostal muscles
what are anabolic steroids?
who would use them?
man made testosterone, body builder
what are beta blockers ?
who would use them?
block effects of adrenaline, archer
what are diuretics?
who would use them?
increase volume of urine removed from the body, boxer
what are narcotic analgesics?
who would use them?
drugs that relive pain
any injured athlete
what are peptide hormones EPO ?
who would use them?
they regulate the production of red blood cells
distance runner
what are growth hormone( GH)?
who would use them?
stimulate muscle, cartilage and bone growth
weight lifter/sprinter
what are stimulants?
who would use them?
act on CNS and speed up brain and body
sprinter
what is blood doping?
who would use them?
a method when you take out your own blood and the put it back in to get more red blood cells
endurance athlete
