structure and functions of the Musculo-Skeletal system Flashcards
what is the acronym for the functions of the skeletal system?
Bones Make Moving Joints Possible
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
Blood cell production Mineral storage Muscle attachment Joints for movement Protection
name all the bones in the body, in some sort of order.
cranium, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius,ulna, carpels, metacarpals, phalanges, sternum, ribs, veritable column, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.
name the bone classifications and their roles
long- leverage (femur)
short-weight bearing (carpals)
irregular-protection abs muscle attachment(patella)
flat-protection and muscle attachment(ribs)
name the parts of the vertebral column
cervical vertebrae (7) thoracic vertebrae (12) lumbar vertebrae (5) sacrum vertebrae (5 fused) coccyx (3-4 fused)
name the top two bones at the top of the vertebral column
atlas and axis
name the joint classifications
hinge-flexion and extension (knee and elbow)
condyloid-small movement all directions(between carpals and metacarpals)
ball and socket- all directions( shoulders and hips)
pivot-rotation only (neck)
name the three stages to movement
preparatory
execution
follow-through
what are tendons?
connect muscles to bones
what are ligaments?
connect bones to bones
what is cartilage?
prevents ends of bones rubbing together
describe flexion
decreasing the angle at a joint
describe extension
increasing the angle at a joint
describe abduction
to take away from the midline
describe adduction
to add towards the midline
describe rotation
a twisting action where a part of the body twists around its long axis at a pivot or ball and socket joint
describe circumduction
combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction looks like drawing a circle in the air
describe plantar flexion
pointing toes away from the body- can only happen at ankle joint
describe dorsi-flexion
pulling toes towards the body-can only happen at the ankle joint
name all of the voluntary muscles in some sort of order
deltoid, bicep, tricep, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, external obliques, hip flexors, quadriceps, hamstring, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius
describe what happens when each of the voluntary muscles contract
bicep- flexion at elbow
tricep-extension at elbow
deltoid-brings arm up sideways (abduction)
latissimus dorsi- pulls arm backwards which can be adduction rotation or extension
pectoralis major-brings arm across chest which can lead to adduction and flexion
external obliques-contract to allow rotation of the torso
hip flexors-flexion of the leg at the hip
gluteus maximus-extension of leg at hip
quadriceps- extension of leg at the knee
hamstrings- flexion of the leg at the knee
tibialis anterior- dorsi-flexion
gastrocnemius- plantar flexion
what is an antagonistic pair?
two muscles that work together to create movement
what is a joint?
where two or more bones meet
name 4 antagonistic pairs
biceps and triceps
quadriceps and hamstrings
tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius
hip flexor and gluteus maximus
name the muscle fibres and what they are
Type I- slow twitch (marathon runner)
Type IIa - fast twitch (800m runner)
Type IIx - very fast twitch (100m sprinter)
what type of runner would have more red in their muscles out of:
a marathon runner
an 800m runner
a 100m sprinter
…and why
marathon runner as they respire aerobically and therefore have more oxygen in their muscles/ red blood cells.
during movement, what is the end of the bone the moves called?
the origin
