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GCSE PE > structure and functions of the Musculo-Skeletal system > Flashcards

structure and functions of the Musculo-Skeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the acronym for the functions of the skeletal system?

A 
Bones 
Make
Moving 
Joints 
Possible
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2
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

A 
Blood cell production
Mineral storage
Muscle attachment 
Joints for movement 
Protection
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3
Q

name all the bones in the body, in some sort of order.

A

cranium, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius,ulna, carpels, metacarpals, phalanges, sternum, ribs, veritable column, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

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4
Q

name the bone classifications and their roles

A

long- leverage (femur)
short-weight bearing (carpals)
irregular-protection abs muscle attachment(patella)
flat-protection and muscle attachment(ribs)

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5
Q

name the parts of the vertebral column

A 
cervical vertebrae (7)
thoracic vertebrae (12)
lumbar vertebrae (5)
sacrum vertebrae (5 fused)
coccyx (3-4 fused)
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6
Q

name the top two bones at the top of the vertebral column

A

atlas and axis

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7
Q

name the joint classifications

A

hinge-flexion and extension (knee and elbow)
condyloid-small movement all directions(between carpals and metacarpals)
ball and socket- all directions( shoulders and hips)
pivot-rotation only (neck)

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8
Q

name the three stages to movement

A

preparatory
execution
follow-through

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9
Q

what are tendons?

A

connect muscles to bones

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10
Q

what are ligaments?

A

connect bones to bones

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11
Q

what is cartilage?

A

prevents ends of bones rubbing together

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12
Q

describe flexion

A

decreasing the angle at a joint

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13
Q

describe extension

A

increasing the angle at a joint

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14
Q

describe abduction

A

to take away from the midline

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15
Q

describe adduction

A

to add towards the midline

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16
Q

describe rotation

A

a twisting action where a part of the body twists around its long axis at a pivot or ball and socket joint

17
Q

describe circumduction

A

combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction looks like drawing a circle in the air

18
Q

describe plantar flexion

A

pointing toes away from the body- can only happen at ankle joint

19
Q

describe dorsi-flexion

A

pulling toes towards the body-can only happen at the ankle joint

20
Q

name all of the voluntary muscles in some sort of order

A

deltoid, bicep, tricep, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, external obliques, hip flexors, quadriceps, hamstring, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius

21
Q

describe what happens when each of the voluntary muscles contract

A

bicep- flexion at elbow
tricep-extension at elbow
deltoid-brings arm up sideways (abduction)
latissimus dorsi- pulls arm backwards which can be adduction rotation or extension
pectoralis major-brings arm across chest which can lead to adduction and flexion
external obliques-contract to allow rotation of the torso
hip flexors-flexion of the leg at the hip
gluteus maximus-extension of leg at hip
quadriceps- extension of leg at the knee
hamstrings- flexion of the leg at the knee
tibialis anterior- dorsi-flexion
gastrocnemius- plantar flexion

22
Q

what is an antagonistic pair?

A

two muscles that work together to create movement

23
Q

what is a joint?

A

where two or more bones meet

24
Q

name 4 antagonistic pairs

A

biceps and triceps
quadriceps and hamstrings
tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius
hip flexor and gluteus maximus

25
Q

name the muscle fibres and what they are

A

Type I- slow twitch (marathon runner)

Type IIa - fast twitch (800m runner)

Type IIx - very fast twitch (100m sprinter)

26
Q

what type of runner would have more red in their muscles out of:
a marathon runner
an 800m runner
a 100m sprinter

…and why

A

marathon runner as they respire aerobically and therefore have more oxygen in their muscles/ red blood cells.

27
Q

during movement, what is the end of the bone the moves called?

A

the origin

GCSE PE (6 decks)

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