The role of organisations Flashcards
What was the role of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in developing African American Civil Rights?
The NAACP, founded in 1909, focused on legal challenges to segregation and discrimination. It played a key role in landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which overturned segregation in public schools.
What role did the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) play in the Civil Rights Movement?
SNCC, formed in 1960, emphasised grassroots activism. It organised sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and voter registration drives, especially during Freedom Summer (1964).
What was the role of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in the Civil Rights Movement?
CORE organised nonviolent protests, such as the Freedom Rides (1961), to challenge segregation in interstate transportation and raise awareness of Civil Rights issues.
What was the role of the Black Panther Party in advancing African American Civil Rights?
Founded in 1966, the Black Panther Party focused on self-defense, combating police brutality, and community programs like free breakfasts and health clinics.
How did the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund contribute to Civil Rights?
It spearheaded legal campaigns against segregation and disenfranchisement, including key victories like Smith v. Allwright (1944), which ended white primaries, and Brown v. Board of Education.
How did the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) contribute to Civil Rights?
Founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King Jr. and others, the SCLC led nonviolent campaigns, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56) and the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965).
How did the National Urban League (NUL) contribute to Civil Rights?
The NUL, founded in 1910, worked to improve economic opportunities for African Americans through job training, housing assistance, and advocacy for workplace equality.
What was the impact of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters on African American Civil Rights?
Led by A. Philip Randolph, it was the first African American labor union and pressured the government to desegregate defense industries during World War II through the March on Washington Movement.
How did the Nation of Islam (NOI) influence Civil Rights?
The NOI, led by figures like Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X, promoted black self-reliance, pride, and separatism, influencing the rise of black nationalism.
How did the Highlander Folk School contribute to the Civil Rights Movement?
It trained many Civil Rights leaders, including Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., in nonviolent protest strategies and grassroots organising.
What was the significance of the Freedom Summer Coalition?
This coalition of SNCC, CORE, and the NAACP worked in 1964 to register African American voters in Mississippi and bring national attention to voter suppression.
How did the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) support African American Civil Rights?
The ACLU provided legal support in landmark cases such as Shelley v. Kraemer (1948), which ruled against racially restrictive housing covenants.
What was the role of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) in the Civil Rights Movement?
COFO coordinated the efforts of major Civil Rights groups during Freedom Summer and worked on voter registration campaigns in Mississippi.
What role did the African American church play in the Civil Rights Movement?
Churches provided organisational support, meeting spaces, and moral leadership, with figures like Martin Luther King Jr. emerging from the black church tradition.
How did the Committee on Racial Equality (CORE) impact desegregation efforts?
CORE organised direct-action protests, including sit-ins and the Journey of Reconciliation (1947), a precursor to the Freedom Rides.
