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biochem 2 ex. 2 > the role of liver and adipose tissue and B-oxidation > Flashcards

the role of liver and adipose tissue and B-oxidation Flashcards

1
Q

what organ forms LPL complexes to transport lipids synthesized by the body (endogenous)?

A

liver

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2
Q

the liver also synthesizes new lipids from non-lipid precursors such as?

A

glucose and amino acids

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3
Q

chylomicron remnants delivered to the liver repackage lipids into?

A

HDL and VLDL forms

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4
Q

after eating a meal, what enters into the portal blood?

A

glucose, amino acids and medium chain fatty acids

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5
Q

what happens to the fuel we supply depends on what?

A

metabolic state

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6
Q

what delivers TAG and cholesterol to adipose tissue?

A

chylomicrons

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7
Q

adipose is a major storage site for?

A

TAGs

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8
Q

what name is used to describe the constant lipolysis/ re-esterification to form TAG?

A

TAG flux

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9
Q

what is TAG flux regulated by?

A

nutrition
metabolic state
hormonal factors

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10
Q

adipocyte FA can be synthesized from what?

A

glucose

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11
Q

adipocyte FA is stimulated by what?

A

insulin which lets the glucose in the cell

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12
Q

what strongly inhibits HSL which hydrolyzes stored TAG?

A

insulin

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13
Q

what increases the availability and uptake of FA in adipocytes?

A

insulin

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14
Q

during fasting what happens to blood glucose and insulin?

A

they both decrease and glucagon is secreted

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15
Q

what does fasting do to HSL?

A

lowers inhibit/ stimulates

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16
Q

what does fasting do to lipolysis in adipose tissue?

A

stimulates it

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17
Q

during fasting, FFA from adipose tissue are transported in the blood with albumin to the liver or muscle cells and then?

A

oxidized for energy

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18
Q

where does B-oxidation occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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19
Q

when a FA is connected to CoA it is called?

A

acyl-CoA

20
Q

what is the enzyme needed to form acyl-CoA?

A

Acyl CoA synthetase

21
Q

the linkage between CoA and FA is driven by?

A

ATP

22
Q

activating a FA to form acyl-CoA takes place where?

A

outer mitochondrial membrane

23
Q

ATP is consumed in the process of activating a FA, what enzyme is needed?

A

pyrophosphatase- makes the reaction irreversible

24
Q

SCFA can pass directly into the?

A

mitochondrial matrix

25
Q

what transport system is used for LCFA and their CoA derivatives to pass into the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

carnitine transport- carnitine palmitotransferase complex CPT

26
Q

CPT complex consists of?

A

CPT I
acylcarntine translocase
CPT II

27
Q

what is the rate limiting step of CPT complex?

A

CPT I

28
Q

what inhibits the CPT complex?

A

malonyl- CoA- 1st inhibited step in FA synthesis

29
Q

what are the 4 steps of B-oxidation?

A

Oxidation
Hydration
Oxidation
Thiolysis

OHOT

30
Q

what enzyme is needed for oxidation of acyl-CoA?

A

acyl CoA dehydrogenase

31
Q

in the hydration step of B-oxidation, what is added and what enzyme is needed?

A

oxygen is added and a hydratase is needed

32
Q

during oxidation II of B-oxidation, what enzyme is needed and what is the product?

A

hydrogenase and NADH gains H+

33
Q

during the 4th step of B-oxidation, thyiolysis the bond is broken by what enzyme and what is the product?

A

thiolase breaks the bond and acetyl CoA is the product

34
Q

every time you run B-oxidation, what happens to Acyl CoA?

A

it is 2 carbons shorter each time

35
Q

what are all the products of B-oxidation?

A

FADH2 and NADH- go to ETS

Acetyl CoA- krebs cycle

36
Q

what 2 additional enzymes are required for unsaturated FA degradation?

A

reductase

isomerase

37
Q

the reductase step added when degradation of USFA does what and has what product?

A

it reduces double bonds and its product is NADPH + H+

38
Q

both reductase and isomerase as added steps happen where in the cycle?

A

in between oxidation I and hydration

39
Q

odd chain FA are degraded 2 by 2 just like even chain but what makes them different?

A

we are left with propionyl CoA

40
Q

B-oxidation occurs where?

A

liver

41
Q

what stimulates B-oxidation?

A

hormones- epinephrine, norepinephrine and glucagon

low energy/ ATP

42
Q

what inhibits B-oxidation?

A 
Insulin
High energy 
High glucose 
High NADH/NAD+
High Malonyl CoA
High Acetyl CoA
43
Q

what is the rate limiting step of B-oxidation?

A

carnitine shuttle

44
Q

what increases malonyl CoA?

A

increased glucose

45
Q

AMP stimulates or inhibits FA oxidation?

A

stimulates

46
Q

AMP stimulates or inhibits FA synthesis?

A

inhibits

biochem 2 ex. 2 (8 decks)

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