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biochem 2 ex. 2 > ETS > Flashcards

ETS Flashcards

1
Q

where is the ETS located?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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2
Q

what is the ETS source of electrons?

A

macronutrient oxidation

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3
Q

for the ETS, the ultimate acceptor of electrons is?

A

oxygen

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4
Q

the proton gradient for the ETS is created by?

A

passing the electrons

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5
Q

ATP in the ETS is created using?

A

the proton gradient

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6
Q

describe the outer mitochondrial membrane

A

porous

permeable to most ions and small molecules

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7
Q

describe the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Convoluted (increased surface area) with folds

impermeable to most small ions and molecules

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8
Q

describe the mitochondrial matrix

A

water full of proteins/enzymes “gel like”

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9
Q

what processes are in the mitochondrial matrix?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase
krebs cycle
B-oxidation
amino acid

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10
Q

the ETS coupled with the synthesis of ATP =

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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11
Q

how much energy does phosphorylation need to create ATP?

A

-7.3 kcal/mol

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12
Q

electrons passed along carriers create what?

A

proton gradient

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13
Q

what are the 5 proteins/complexes of the ETS?

A 
NADH dehydrogenase
Succinate dehydrogenase
Cytochrome reductase (bc1)
Cytochrome oxidase (a + a3)
ATP synthetase
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14
Q

in the ETS, the first 4 proteins/complexes do what?

A

transfer electrons

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15
Q

in the ETS, the 5th protein/complex is different from the other 4 how?

A

5 catalyzes ATP synthesis

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16
Q

NADH dehydrogenase transfers electron to?

A

ubiquinone (COQ10)

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17
Q

complex 1 accepts electrons from?

A

NADH

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18
Q

what does FMN (flavin mononucleotide) do for complex 1?

A

it is bound to the complex and accepts 2 hydrogen atoms from NADH and becomes FMNH2

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19
Q

after accepting electrons from NADH, FMN moves those electrons to?

A

iron/ sulfur centers

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20
Q

what is complex II?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

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21
Q

what other cycle is part of complex II?

A

krebs cycle

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22
Q

what is the job of complex II?

A

oxidize succinate

reduce FAD to FADH2

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23
Q

After receiving electrons, complex II transfers them to COQ10 by way of?

A

iron/sulfur centers

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24
Q

what are the 3 cytochrome proteins of the ETS?

A

complex III, complex IV and cytochrome C

25
Q

what does ubiquinone accept electrons from?

A

FMNH2 and FADH2

26
Q

FMNH2 comes from which complex?

A

complex I

27
Q

FADH2 comes from which complex?

A

complex II

28
Q

how is superoxide formed?

A

electrons are leaked to oxygen from COQH in the ETS

29
Q

what do all the cytochrome proteins contain?

A

a heme group (porphyrin ring and iron)

30
Q

complex III -> cytochrome C -> complex IV

what does this flow represent?

A

proton pump electron flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane

31
Q

complex III is also called?

A

cytochrome reductase or cytochrome bc1 complex

32
Q

where does complex III transfer its electrons?

A

cytochrome C

33
Q

cytochrome C transfers its electrons to?

A

complex IV

34
Q

are there any protons pumped at cytochrome C?

A

No

35
Q

cytochrome C is a mobile carrier of?

A

electrons like COQ10

36
Q

where is cytochrome C located?

A

in the intermembrane space

37
Q

what are the other names for complex IV?

A

cytochrome oxidase
cytochrome C oxidase
cytochrome a + a3

38
Q

what type of center does complex IV have?

A

bimetallic center- iron atoms and 2 copper atoms

39
Q

in complex IV, what is held between the 2 metal ions?

A

oxygen

40
Q

in complex IV what is oxygen reduced to?

A

water

41
Q

what makes complex IV special?

A

it is the only electron carrier where heme iron can react directly with oxygen

42
Q

when protons flow through a special protein, ATP is created. what is this called?

A

chemiosmotic theory

43
Q

what is the other name for complex V?

A

ATP synthase

44
Q

return flow of protons in complex V gives the energy needed for?

A

ATP synthesis

45
Q

NADH yields how many ATP?

A

2.5 ATP

46
Q

FADH2 yields how many ATP?

A

1.5 ATP

47
Q

what is a coupled reaction?

A

ATP synthesis coupled with electron transport through proton gradient

48
Q

cellular respiration is dependent on the ability to phosphorylate. this is called?

A

respiratory control

49
Q

oligomycin is an antibiotic that prevents?

A

ATP synthesis- stops ETS

50
Q

uncoupling proteins occur where?

A

inner mitochondrial matrix

51
Q

with uncoupling proteins, channels form allowing protons to enter the matrix, when this happens what are the problems that result?

A

protons don’t enter complex V
ATP is not produced
energy is released as heat
brown fat

52
Q

synthetic uncouplers pick up protons in?

A

intermembrane space

53
Q

what are 2 examples of synthetic uncouplers

A

2, 4-dinitrophenol

aspirin

54
Q

electrons flow from what to what?

A

NADH and FADH2 to oxygen

55
Q

electrons flow from the more _____ redox pair to the more _______ redox pair

A

negative; positive

56
Q

the change in free energy is directly related to the change in?

A

standard reduction potential

57
Q

can NADH pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

NO

58
Q

where else besides the mitochondrial matrix can NADH be formed?

A

outside the mitochondria

59
Q

what are the 2 shuttle systems used to get electrons to start the ETS?

A

malate aspartate shuttle

glycerophosphate shuttle

biochem 2 ex. 2 (8 decks)

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